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《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《本紀 - Annals》 | Library Resources |
《五帝本紀 - Annals of the Five Emperors》 | Books referencing 《五帝本紀》 Library Resources |
| 14 | 五帝本紀: | 堯曰：「嗟！四嶽：朕在位七十載，汝能庸命，踐朕位？」嶽應曰：「鄙德忝帝位。」堯曰：「悉舉貴戚及疏遠隱匿者。」眾皆言於堯曰：「有矜在民閒，曰虞舜。」堯曰：「然，朕聞之。其何如？」嶽曰：「盲者子。父頑，母嚚，弟傲，能和以孝，烝烝治，不至姦。」堯曰：「吾其試哉。」於是堯妻之二女，觀其德於二女。舜飭下二女於媯汭，如婦禮。 |
| Annals of the Five...: | Yao said, 'Alas! O president of the four mountains, I have been on the throne seventy years; you are able to carry out the decrees, do you occupy my throne.' The president replied, 'My moral qualities are of such a low order that I should disgrace the Imperial throne.' Yao said, 'You must all recommend one of your esteemed relations, or even an obscure stranger.' All the courtiers said to Yao, 'There is an unmarried man of the lower orders called Shun of Yu.' Yao said, 'Yes, I have heard of him, what is he like?' The president said, 'He is the son of a blind man; his father was unprincipled, his mother insincere, and his brother arrogant, but he managed by his dutiful conduct to be reconciled to them, so they have gradually improved, and not been extremely wicked.' 'Shall I try him?' said Yao. He then married his two daughters to Shun, and watched his behaviour towards them. Shun sent the two women down to the north of the Gui river, and treated them with the ceremony due to them as his wives. | |
| 堯善之，乃使舜慎和五典，五典能從。乃遍入百官，百官時序。賓於四門，四門穆穆，諸侯遠方賓客皆敬。堯使舜入山林川澤，暴風雷雨，舜行不迷。堯以為聖，召舜曰：「女謀事至而言可績，三年矣。女登帝位。」舜讓於德不懌。正月上日，舜受終於文祖。文祖者，堯大祖也。 | ||
| Yao praised Shun, and told him to carefully harmonize the five human relationships and when they could be obeyed. These became universal among the various officials, who at the proper times arranged the visitors at the four gates in the right order, and when the visitors at the four gates were submissive, the princes and strangers from distant regions became one and all respectful. Yao sent Shun into the hills and forests among rivers and swamps, but although fierce winds and thunderstorms prevailed, Shun did not miss his way. Yao then taking Shun to be a holy man, called him and said, 'For three years your deliberations have been excellent, and I have found that your words can be carried into practice. You shall ascend the Imperial throne.' Shun yielded in favour of some one more virtuous than himself, and was unhappy, but on the first day of the first month Shun accepted Yao's resignation in the temple of the accomplished ancestor, who was Yao's great ancestor. | ||
| 23 | 五帝本紀: | 昔帝鴻氏有不才子，掩義隱賊，好行凶慝，天下謂之渾沌。少暤氏有不才子，毀信惡忠，崇飾惡言，天下謂之窮奇。顓頊氏有不才子，不可教訓，不知話言，天下謂之梼杌。此三族世憂之。至于堯，堯未能去。縉云氏有不才子，貪于飲食，冒于貨賄，天下謂之饕餮。天下惡之，比之三凶。舜賓於四門，乃流四凶族，遷于四裔，以御螭魅，於是四門辟，言毋凶人也。 |
| Annals of the Five...: | In ancient days the Emperor Hong (Huangdi) had a son devoid of ability, who shut himself off from duty, and was a villain in secret, delighting in the practice of the worst vices, and all men called him Hundun (Chaos). (The Emperor) Shaohao had a descendant devoid of ability, who overthrew good faith, hated loyalty, extolled specious and evil talk, and all the people called him Qiongji (Monster). Zhuanxu had a son devoid of ability, who would receive no instruction and acknowledge no good words, and all the people called him Taowu (Block). These three men everyone was distressed about until the time of Yao, but Yao could not send them away. Jinyun had a son devoid of ability, who was greedy in eating and drinking, and pursued wealth blindly. All the people called him Taotie (Glutton), hated and compared him to the three other wicked men. Shun received visitors at the four gates, but banished these four wicked ones to the four borders of the empire to manage hobgoblins; and those at the four gates rightly said there were no wicked men among them. | |
| 24 | 五帝本紀: | 舜入于大麓，烈風雷雨不迷，堯乃知舜之足授天下。堯老，使舜攝行天子政，巡狩。舜得舉用事二十年，而堯使攝政。攝政八年而堯崩。三年喪畢，讓丹朱，天下歸舜。而禹、皋陶、契、后稷、伯夷、夔、龍、倕、益、彭祖自堯時而皆舉用，未有分職。於是舜乃至於文祖，謀于四嶽，辟四門，明通四方耳目，命十二牧論帝德，行厚德，遠佞人，則蠻夷率服。舜謂四嶽曰：「有能奮庸美堯之事者，使居官相事？」皆曰：「伯禹為司空，可美帝功。」舜曰：「嗟，然！禹，汝平水土，維是勉哉。」禹拜稽首，讓於稷、契與皋陶。舜曰：「然，往矣。」舜曰：「棄，黎民始饑，汝后稷播時百穀。」舜曰：「契，百姓不親，五品不馴，汝為司徒，而敬敷五教，在寬。」舜曰：「皋陶，蠻夷猾夏，寇賊姦軌，汝作士，五刑有服，五服三就；五流有度，五度三居：維明能信。」舜曰：「誰能馴予工？」皆曰垂可。於是以垂為共工。舜曰：「誰能馴予上下草木鳥獸？」皆曰益可。於是以益為朕虞。益拜稽首，讓于諸臣朱虎、熊羆。舜曰：「往矣，汝諧。」遂以朱虎、熊羆為佐。舜曰：「嗟！四嶽，有能典朕三禮？」皆曰伯夷可。舜曰：「嗟！伯夷，以汝為秩宗，夙夜維敬，直哉維靜絜。」伯夷讓夔、龍。舜曰：「然。以夔為典樂，教稚子，直而溫，寬而栗，剛而毋虐，簡而毋傲；詩言意，歌長言，聲依永，律和聲，八音能諧，毋相奪倫，神人以和。」夔曰：「於！予擊石拊石，百獸率舞。」舜曰：「龍，朕畏忌讒說殄偽，振驚朕眾，命汝為納言，夙夜出入朕命，惟信。」舜曰：「嗟！女二十有二人，敬哉，惟時相天事。」三歲一考功，三考絀陟，遠近眾功咸興。分北三苗。 |
| Annals of the Five...: | Shun went to the great plains at the foot of the mountains, and, amid violent wind, thunder, and rain, did not go astray. Yao then knew that Shun was fit to accept the empire, and being old, caused Shun to be associated with him in the government, and when he went on a tour of inspection Shun was promoted and employed in the administration of affairs for twenty years; and Yao having directed that he should be associated in the government, he was so associated for eight years. Yao died, and when the three years' mourning was over, Shun yielded to Danzhu, but the people of the empire turned to Shun. Now Yu, Gaoyao, Xie, Houji, Boyi, Kui, Long, Chui Yi, and Pengzu were all from the time of Yao promoted to office, but had not separate appointments. Shun having then proceeded to the temple of the accomplished ancestor, deliberated with the president of the four mountains, threw open the four gates, and was in direct communication with officers in all four quarters of the empire, who were eyes and ears to him. He ordered the twelve governors to talk of the Emperor's virtue, to be kind to the virtuous, and keep the artful at a distance, so that the barbarians of the south might lead on one another to be submissive. He said to the president of the four mountains, 'Is there anyone who can vigorously display his merits, aud beautify Yao's undertakings, and whom I can make prime minister?' They all said, 'There is Baron Yu, the superintendent of works,' he can beautify the Emperor's labours. Shun said, 'Ah! yes, Yu, you have put in order the water and the land, but in this matter you must exert yourself.' Yu did obeisance with his head to the ground, while declining in favour of Hou Ji (Millet), Xie, or Gaoyao. Shun said, 'Yes; but do you go and set about it.' Shun said, 'Qi, the black-haired people begin to be famished. Do you, Prince Millet, sow in their seasons the various kinds of grain.' He also said, 'Xie, the people do not love one another, and the five orders of relationship are not observed. You, as minister of instruction, must carefully diffuse abroad those five lessons of duty, but do so with gentleness.' He also said, 'Gaoyao, the southern barbarians are disturbing the summer region, while robbers, murderers, villains, and traitors abound. Do you, as minister of crime, exercise repression by use of the five kinds of punishment—for the infliction of which there are three appointed places—and the five banishments with their several places of detention, and the three degrees of distance. Be intelligent and you will inspire confidence.' Shun said, 'Who can direct the workmen?' They all said 'Chui can do it'; so he made Chui minister of works. Shun said, 'Who can superintend my uplands and lowlands, pastures and woods, birds and beasts?' They all said, 'Yi is the man'; so Yi was made imperial forester. Yi did obeisance with his head to the ground, and declined in favour of the officials Fir, Tiger, Black Bear, and Grizzly Bear. Shun said, 'Go and act harmoniously.' Fir, Tiger, Black Bear, and Grizzly Bear were accordingly his assistants. Shun said, 'Ah! president of the four mountains, is there anyone who can superintend the three ceremonies?' They all said, 'Baron Yi is the man.' Shun said, 'Ah! Baron Yi, I will make you arranger of the ancestral temple. Day and night be careful, be upright, be pure.' Baron Yi declined in favour of Kui or Long, but Shun said, 'Let it be so,' and made Kui director of music and teacher of youth. 'Be straightforward' (he added) 'and yet mild; lenient and yet stern; firm, yet not tyrannical; impetuous, yet not arrogant. Poetry gives expression to the thought, and singing is the prolonged utterance of that expression. Notes accompany that utterance, and are harmonized themselves by the pitch-pipes. The eight kinds of instruments can be adjusted, so that one shall not take from or interfere with another, and spirits and men are thereby brought into harmony.' Kui said, 'Oh! I smite the stone; I tap the stone, and the various animals lead on one another to dance.' Shun said, 'Long, I dread slanderous speakers and injurious deceivers, who agitate and alarm my people. I appoint you minister of communication. Day and night you will issue and receive my orders, but be truthful.' Shun said, 'Ah! you twenty and two men, be reverent, and you will aid in their proper seasons the undertakings of heaven.' Every three years there was an examination of merits, and after three examinations there were degradations and promotions both far and near. The people's labours generally prospered, while the people of the three Miao tribes were divided and defeated. |
《夏本紀 - Annals of the Xia》 | Books referencing 《夏本紀》 Library Resources |
| 5 | 夏本紀: | 禹乃遂與益、后稷奉帝命，命諸侯百姓興人徒以傅土，行山表木，定高山大川。禹傷先人父鯀功之不成受誅，乃勞身焦思，居外十三年，過家門不敢入。薄衣食，致孝于鬼神。卑宮室，致費於溝淢。陸行乘車，水行乘船，泥行乘橇，山行乘檋。左準繩，右規矩，載四時，以開九州，通九道，陂九澤，度九山。令益予眾庶稻，可種卑溼。命后稷予眾庶難得之食。食少，調有餘相給，以均諸侯。禹乃行相地宜所有以貢，及山川之便利。 |
| Annals of the Xia: | Yu, then in company with Yi and Prince Millet, having received the Emperor's orders, bade the princes and people raise a gang of men to make a division of the land, and following the line of the hills hew down the trees, and determine the characteristics of the high hills and great rivers. Yu was grieved in that his progenitor Gun had been punished on account of his work being incomplete, so, wearied in body and distressed in mind, he lived away from his home for 13 years, passing the door of his house without daring to enter. With ragged clothes and poor diet he paid his devotions to the spirits until his wretched hovel fell in ruins in the ditch. When travelling along the dry land he used a carriage, on the water he used a boat, in miry places a sledge, while in going over the hills he used spikes. On the one hand he used the marking-line, and on the other the compass and square. Working as the seasons permitted, and with a view to open up the nine provinces, he made the roads communicable, banked up the marshes, surveyed the hills, told Yi and his band that paddy should be planted in low damp places, and directed Lord Millet and his band, when it was difficult to obtain food, or when food was scarce, to barter their surplus stock in exchange for what they had not, so as to put all the princes on an equal footing. Yu in this way worked for the mutual convenience of the respective districts as regards the distribution of the wealth and resources of the country. | |
| 14 | 夏本紀: | 黑水西河惟雍州：弱水既西，涇屬渭汭。漆、沮既從，灃水所同。荊、岐已旅，終南、敦物至于鳥鼠。原隰厎績，至于都野。三危既度，三苗大序。其土黃壤。田上上，賦中下。貢璆、琳、瑯玕。浮于積石，至于龍門西河，會于渭汭。織皮昆侖、析支、渠搜，西戎即序。 |
| Annals of the Xia: | The Blackwater and the western bend of the Yellow river formed the boundaries of Yongzhou. The Ruo water flowed westward; the Qing, the Qi, and Ju streams formed a junction with the Wei, as also did the waters of the Feng. The Jing and Qi hills were sacrificed too, and so were those of Zhongnan and Dunwu all the way to 'Bird-and-Rat' hill. Successful measures were taken with the plains and swamps as far as the Duye marsh. The people of Sanwei were controlled, and the Sanmiao tribes kept in good order. The soil of the province was yellow clay. Its fields were the highest of the highest class, while its contribution of revenue was the lowest of the second. Its tribute was jade, topazes, and white cornelian stones. From 'Stonepile' hill you float on to 'Dragongate' on the western branch of the Yellow river at its junction with the Wei river. The western Jung tribes from the Gunlun, Hsichih, and Ch『üsou mountains with their hair-cloth and furs were kept in order. | |
| 16 | 夏本紀: | 道九川：弱水至於合黎，餘波入于流沙。道黑水，至于三危，入于南海。道河積石，至于龍門，南至華陰，東至砥柱，又東至于盟津，東過雒汭，至于大邳，北過降水，至于大陸，北播為九河，同為逆河，入于海。嶓冢道瀁，東流為漢，又東為蒼浪之水，過三澨，入于大別，南入于江，東匯澤為彭蠡，東為北江，入于海。汶山道江，東別為沱，又東至于醴，過九江，至于東陵，東迆北會于匯，東為中江，入于梅。道沇水，東為濟，入于河，泆為滎，東出陶丘北，又東至于荷，又東北會于汶，又東北入于海。道淮自桐柏，東會于泗、沂，東入于海。道渭自鳥鼠同穴，東會于灃，又東北至于涇，東過漆、沮，入于河。道雒自熊耳，東北會于澗、瀍，又東會于伊，東北入于河。 |
| Annals of the Xia: | Following the course of the nine large rivers: from the Ruo river you go to Heli, whence the superfluous water flows into the Rolling sands. You trace the Blackwater to Sanwei, where it enters the southern sea; you trace the Yellow river from 'Stone-pile' to 'Dragongate,' southward to the north of Mount Hua, eastward to Dizhu, again eastward to the ford Meng, eastward you pass the junction of the Luo river to Dapei, northward past the Jiang water to Dalu, northward the stream is divided and becomes the nine rivers, reunited it forms the opposing river and flows into the sea. From Bozhong you trace the course of the Yang. Flowing eastward it becomes the Han, further east it becomes the Canglang water, passing the three dykes it goes to Dabie, southward it enters the great river, eastward whirling on it forms the Pengli marsh, again eastward it forms the northern great river and enters the sea. From mount Min you trace the great river, which branching to the east becomes the Tuo, again eastward it comes to the Li, passes the nine great rivers and comes to the eastern ridge, flows eastward, winds to the north, and joins the eddies, eastward it becomes the middle great river and enters the sea. Tracing the course of the Yan river—it flows to the east, becomes the Qi, enters the Yellow river, flows on and becomes the Ying; eastward it comes out to the north of Taoqiu, further east flows into the Ke marsh, again north-eastward it unites with the Wen, and still further to the north-east it enters the sea. Tracing the course of the Huai from Tongbo, to the eastward it unites with the Si and Yi rivers, and flowing to the east enters the sea. Tracing the course of the Wei from 'Bird-and-rat-in-the-same-hole' hill—it unites to the east with the Feng, further to the north-east it flows into the Jing, to the east passing the Qi and Ju streams it enters the Yellow river. Tracing the course of the Luo from 'Bear's-ear' hill, on the north-east it unites with the Jian and Chan, further to the east it unites with the Yi, and to the north-east enters the Yellow river. |
《殷本紀 - Annals of Yin》 | Books referencing 《殷本紀》 Library Resources |
| 5 | 殷本紀: | 伊尹名阿衡。阿衡欲奸湯而無由，乃為有莘氏媵臣，負鼎俎，以滋味說湯，致于王道。或曰，伊尹處士，湯使人聘迎之，五反然後肯往從湯，言素王及九主之事。湯舉任以國政。伊尹去湯適夏。既醜有夏，復歸于亳。入自北門，遇女鳩、女房，作女鳩女房。 |
| Annals of Yin: | Yiyin's name was A-Heng. A-Heng wanted to meet Tang, but had no opportunity of doing so; he therefore became cook to the prince of Xin, and while bringing Tang dishes to taste urged him to perfect himself in the way of the ancient kings. Some say that when Yiyin was living in retirement Tang sent five times to invite him to a meeting before he would obey him, and talk about matters connected with the guileless king and the nine rulers. Tang promoted Ren to the administration of affairs. Yiyin went from Tang to Xia. Being indignant with the sovereign of Xia, he returned to Bo, and as he entered by the north gate met Rujiu and Rufang, and the 'Rujiu' and 'Rufang' were written. |
《秦本紀》 | Books referencing 《秦本紀》 Library Resources |
| 29 | 秦本紀: | 鄭人有賣鄭於秦曰：「我主其城門，鄭可襲也。」繆公問蹇叔、百里傒，對曰：「徑數國千里而襲人，希有得利者。且人賣鄭，庸知我國人不有以我情告鄭者乎？不可。」繆公曰：「子不知也，吾已決矣。」遂發兵，使百里傒子孟明視，蹇叔子西乞術及白乙丙將兵。行日，百里傒、蹇叔二人哭之。繆公聞，怒曰：「孤發兵而子沮哭吾軍，何也？」二老曰：「臣非敢沮君軍。軍行，臣子與往；臣老，遲還恐不相見，故哭耳。」二老退，謂其子曰：「汝軍即敗，必於殽阨矣。」三十三年春，秦兵遂東，更晉地，過周北門。周王孫滿曰：「秦師無禮，不敗何待！」兵至滑，鄭販賣賈人弦高，持十二牛將賣之周，見秦兵，恐死虜，因獻其牛，曰：「聞大國將誅鄭，鄭君謹修守御備，使臣以牛十二勞軍士。」秦三將軍相謂曰：「將襲鄭，鄭今已覺之，往無及已。」滅滑。滑，晉之邊邑也。 |
| 50 | 秦本紀: | 獻公元年，止從死。二年，城櫟陽。四年正月庚寅，孝公生。十一年，周太史儋見獻公曰：「周故與秦國合而別，別五百歲復合，合（七）十七歲而霸王出。」十六年，桃冬花。十八年，雨金櫟陽。二十一年，與晉戰於石門，斬首六萬，天子賀以黼黻。二十三年，與魏晉戰少梁，虜其將公孫痤。二十四年，獻公卒，子孝公立，年已二十一歲矣。 |
| 58 | 秦本紀: | 二十四年，與晉戰雁門，虜其將魏錯。 |
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