School of the Military - 家 - Chinese Text Project

[Also known as: 《計》]

6 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information	始計:	兵者，詭道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠，遠而示之近。利而誘之，亂而取之，實而備之，強而避之，怒而撓之，卑而驕之，佚而勞之，親而離之。攻其無備，出其不意，此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。
	Laying Plans:	All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;when far away, we must make him believe we are near. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him. If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected. These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.

《作戰 - Waging War》

English translation: Lionel Giles ^[?]

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3 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information	作戰:	故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利也。善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載，取用于國，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧，近于師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭，財竭則急于丘役，力屈財殫，中原內虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七，公家之費，破車罷馬，甲冑矢弩，戟楯蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。
	Waging War:	It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
5 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information	作戰:	故兵貴勝，不貴久；故知兵之將，民之司命，國家安危之主也。
	Waging War:	In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.

《用間 - The Use of Spies》

English translation: Lionel Giles ^[?]

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1 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information	用間:	孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家，相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出于眾者，先知也；先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度；必取于人，知敵之情者也。
	The Use of Spies:	Sunzi said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor. Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity. One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory. Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge. Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation. Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.

《吳子 - Wu Zi》

[Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] Wu Qi

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《圖國》

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圖國:

吳子曰：「昔之圖國家者，必先教百姓而親萬民。有四不和：不和於國，不可以出軍；不和於軍，不可以出陳；不和於陳，不可以進戰；不和於戰，不可以決勝。是以有道之主，將用其民，先和而造大事。不敢信其私謀，必告於祖廟，啟於元龜，參之天時，吉乃後舉。民知君之愛其命，惜其死，若此之至，而與之臨難，則士以盡死為榮，退生為辱矣。」

《料敵》

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料敵:

武侯謂吳起曰：「今秦脅吾西，楚帶吾南，趙衝吾北，齊臨吾東，燕絕吾後，韓據吾前。六國兵四守，勢甚不便，憂此奈何？」
起對曰：「夫安國家之道，先戒為寶。今君已戒，禍其遠矣。臣請論六國之俗：夫齊陳重而不堅，秦陳散而自鬭，楚陳整而不久，燕陳守而不走，三晉陳治而不用。
夫齊性剛，其國富，君臣驕奢而簡於細民，其政寬而祿不均，一陳兩心，前重後輕，故重而不堅。擊此之道，必三分之，獵其左右，脅而從之，其陳可壞。秦性強，其地險，其政嚴，其賞罰信，其人不讓，皆有鬭心，故散而自戰。擊此之道，必先示之以利而引去之，士貪於得而離其將，乘乖獵散，設伏投機，其將可取。楚性弱，其地廣，其政騷，其民疲，故整而不久。擊此之道，襲亂其屯，先奪其氣。輕進速退，弊而勞之，勿與戰爭，其軍可敗。燕性愨，其民慎，好勇義，寡詐謀，故守而不走。擊此之道，觸而迫之，陵而遠之，馳而後之，則上疑而下懼，謹我車騎必避之路，其將可虜。三晉者，中國也，其性和，其政平，其民疲於戰，習於兵，輕其將，薄其祿，士無死志，故治而不用。擊此之道，阻陳而壓之，眾來則拒之，去則追之，以倦其師。此其勢也。
然則一軍之中，必有虎賁之士；力輕扛鼎，足輕戎馬，搴旗斬將，必有能者。若此之等，選而別之，愛而貴之，是謂軍命。其有工用五兵、材力健疾、志在吞敵者，必加其爵列，可以決勝。厚其父母妻子，勸賞畏罰，此堅陳之士，可與持久。能審料此，可以擊倍。」
武侯曰：「善。」

《勵士》

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勵士:

於是武侯設坐廟廷為三行饗士大夫。上功坐前行，餚席兼重器、上牢。次功坐中行，餚席器差減。無功坐後行，餚席無重器。饗畢而出，又頒賜有功者父母妻子於廟門外，亦以功為差。有死事之家，歲被使者勞賜其父母，著不忘於心。行之三年，秦人興師，臨於西河，魏士聞之，不待吏令，介冑而奮擊之者以萬數。

《六韜 - Liu Tao》

[Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)]

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《文韜》

《文師》

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文師:

文王勞而問之曰：「子樂漁邪？」
太公曰：「臣聞君子樂得其志，小人樂得其事。今吾漁，甚有似也。殆非樂之也。」
文王曰：「何謂其有似也？」
太公曰：「釣有三權：祿等以權，死等以權，官等以權。夫釣以求得也，其情深，可以觀大矣。」
文王曰：「願聞其情。」
太公曰：「源深而水流，水流而魚生之，情也。根深而木長，木長而實生之，情也。君子情同而親合，親合而事生之，情也。言語應對者，情之飾也；言至情者，事之極也。今臣言至情不諱，君其惡之乎？」
文王曰：「唯仁人能受至諫，不惡至情，何為其然？」
太公曰：「緡微餌明，小魚食之；緡調餌香，中魚食之；緡隆餌豐，大魚食之。夫魚食其餌，乃牽於緡；人食其祿，乃服於君。故以餌取魚，魚可殺；以祿取人，人可竭；以家取國，國可拔；以國取天下，天下可畢。

《盈虛》

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