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《儒林外史 - The Scholars》

 [Qing] 1750 Library Resources

《說楔子敷陳大義　借名流隱括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book》

 Library Resources
3 說楔子敷... :
雖然如此說，元朝末年，也曾出了一個嶔崎磊落的人。這人姓王名冕，在諸暨縣鄉村裏住。七歲上死了父親，他母親做些針黹，供給他到村學堂裏去讀書。看看三個年頭，王冕已是十歲了。母親喚他到面前來說道：「兒啊，不是我有心要耽誤你。只因你父親亡後，我一個寡婦人家，只有出去的，沒有進來的；年歲不好，柴米又貴；這幾件舊衣服和些舊傢伙，當的當了，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針黹生活尋來的錢，如何供得你讀書。如今沒奈何，把你僱在間壁人家放牛，每月可以得他幾錢銀子，你又有現成飯喫，只在明日就要去了。」王冕道：「娘說的是。我在學堂裏坐著，心裏也悶；不如往他家放牛，倒快活些。假如我要讀書，依舊可以帶幾本去讀。」當夜商議定了。
In which an introductory...:
However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty a really remarkable man was born. His name was Wang Mian, and he lived in a village in Zhuji County in Zhejiang. When he was seven his father died, but his mother took in sewing so that he could study at the village school. Soon three years had passed and Wang Mian was ten. His mother called him to her and said, 「Son, it's not that I want to stand in your way. But since your father died and left me a widow, I have had nothing coming in. Times are hard, and fuel and rice are expensive. Our old clothes and our few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. We have nothing to live on but what I make by my sewing. How can I pay for your schooling? There's nothing for it but to set you to work looking after our neighbour's buffalo. You'll be making a little money every month, and you'll get your meals there too. You start tomorrow.」
「Yes, mother,」 said Wang Mian. 「I find sitting in school boring anyway. I'd rather look after buffaloes. If I want to study, I can take a few books along to read.」 So that very night the matter was decided.

6 說楔子敷... :
彈指又過了三四年。王冕看書，心下也著實明白了。那日，正是黃梅時候，天氣煩躁。王冕放牛倦了，在綠草地上坐著。須臾，濃雲密布，一陣大雨過了。那黑雲邊上鑲著白雲，漸漸散去，透出一派日光來，照耀得滿湖通紅。湖邊上山，青一塊，紫一塊，綠一塊。樹枝上都像水洗過一番的，尤其綠得可愛。湖裏有十來枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷葉上水珠滾來滾去。王冕看了一回，心裏想道：「古人說：『人在畫圖中』，其實不錯。可惜我這裏沒有一個畫工，把這荷花畫他幾枝，也覺有趣。」又心裏想道：「天下那有個學不會的事，我何不自畫他幾枝。」
In which an introductory...:
So three or four years quickly passed. Wang Mian studied and began to see things clearly. One sultry day in early summer, tired after leading the buffalo to graze, he sat down on the grass. Suddenly dense clouds gathered, and there was a heavy shower of rain. Then the black storm clouds fringed with fleecy white drifted apart, and the sun shone through, bathing the whole lake in crimson light. The hills by the lake were blue, violet and emerald. The trees, freshly washed by the rain, were a lovelier green than ever. Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled about the leaves.
As Wang Mian watched, he thought, 「The ancients said, 'In a beautiful scene a man feels he is part of a picture.' How true! What a pity there is no painter here to paint these sprays of lotus. That would be good.」 Then he reflected, 「There's nothing a man can't learn. Why shouldn't I paint them myself?」

9 說楔子敷... :
王冕見天色晚了，牽了牛回去。自此，聚的錢不買書了，託人向城裏買些胭脂鉛粉之類，學畫荷花。初時畫得不好，畫到三個月之後，那荷花，精神、顏色無一不像，只多著一張紙，就像是湖裏長的；又像纔從湖裏摘下來，貼在紙上的。鄉間人見畫得好，也有拿錢來買的。王冕得了錢，買些好東好西，孝敬母親。一傳兩，兩傳三，諸暨一縣都曉得是一個畫沒骨花卉的名筆，爭著來買。到了十七八歲，不在秦家了，每日畫幾筆畫，讀古人的詩文，漸漸不愁衣食，母親心裏歡喜。
In which an introductory...:
Wang Mian saw that it was growing late, and led the buffalo back. After that, Wang Mian no longer spent his savings on books, but asked someone to buy paints for him in the city, and learnt to paint lotus flowers. At first he did not do too well, but after three months he succeeded in capturing the very essence and shades of colour of the lotus. Though he painted on paper, his flowers seemed to be growing in the water, or as if freshly plucked from the lake and placed on a scroll. When the villagers saw how well he painted, some even bought his pictures. And when Wang Mian had money he bought good things for his mother. One person told another, until the whole of Zhuji County knew that he was a famous flower painter, and people vied with each other in their eagerness to buy. By the time he was eighteen he had stopped working for Old Qin, and spent every day doing some painting or reading old poems and essays. By degrees he no longer had to worry about his livelihood, and his mother was happy.

11 說楔子敷... :
一日，正和秦老坐著，只見外邊走進一個人來，頭帶瓦楞帽，身穿青布衣服。秦老迎接，敘禮坐下。這人姓翟，是諸暨縣一個頭役，又是買辦。因秦老的兒子秦大漢拜在他名下，叫他乾爺，所以常時下鄉來看親家。秦老慌忙叫兒子烹茶，殺雞、煮肉款留他；就要王冕相陪。彼此道過姓名。那翟買辦道：「只位王相公，可就是會畫沒骨花的麼？」秦老道：「便是了。親家，你怎得知道？」翟買辦道：「縣裏人那個不曉得。因前日本縣老爺吩咐：要畫二十四副花卉冊頁送上司，此事交在我身上。我聞有王相公的大名，故此一徑來尋親家。今日有緣，遇著王相公，是必費心大筆畫一畫。在下半個月後，下鄉來取。老爺少不得還有幾兩潤筆的銀子，一併送來。」秦老在傍，著實攛掇。王冕屈不過秦老的情，只得應諾了。回家用心用意，畫了二十四副花卉，都題了詩在上面。翟頭役稟過了本官，那知縣時仁，發出二十四兩銀子來。翟買辦扣剋了十二兩，只拿十二兩銀子送與王冕，將冊頁取去。時知縣又辦了幾樣禮物，送與危素，作候問之禮。
In which an introductory...:
One day Wang Mian was sitting in Old Qin's cottage when a man wearing a bailiff's cap and blue cloth gown came in. Old Qin welcomed him, and after an exchange of courtesies they sat down. This newcomer's name was Zhai. He was a county runner and also a bailiff, but since Old Qin's son was his godchild he often came to the village to visit their family. Old Qin hastily called his son to make tea, kill a chicken and cook some meat to entertain the bailiff, and asked Wang Mian to accompany them.
When Bailiff Zhai heard Wang Mian's name, he asked, 「Is this Mr. Wang the flower painter?」
「Yes,」 said Old Qin. 「How did you get to know of him?」
「Is there anyone in the county who doesn't know him?」 retorted the bailiff. 「The other day the county magistrate commissioned me to get twenty-four paintings of flowers to send to a superior. Knowing Mr. Wang's great reputation, I've come straight here; and now I'm lucky enough to meet Mr. Wang himself.」 Then he turned to Wang Mian and said: 「I must trouble you to do some paintings. In two weeks I shall come to fetch them, bringing the payment from Magistrate Shi.」
Old Qin pressed Wang Mian to consent and, to please the old man, he agreed.
He went home and took infinite pains to paint twenty-four pictures of flowers, each with a poem appended. Bailiff Zhai reported his meeting with Wang Mian to the magistrate, who gave him twenty-four taels of silver. Of this sum Zhai appropriated half, giving twelve taels only to Wang Mian. He took the flower album away with him, and then the magistrate sent it with some other presents to Mr. Wei.

25 說楔子敷... :
母親道：「我兒，你歷年賣詩賣畫，我也積聚下三五十兩銀子，柴米不愁沒有。我雖年老，又無疾病，你自放心出去躲避些時不妨。你又不曾犯罪，難道官府來拿你的母親去不成？」秦老道：「這也說得有理。況你埋沒在這鄉村鎮上，雖有才學，誰人是識得你的；此番到大邦去處，或者走出些遇合來也不可知，你尊堂家下大小事故，一切都在我老漢身上，替你扶持便了。」王冕拜謝了秦老。秦老又走回家去，取了些酒肴來替王冕送行，喫了半夜酒回去。
In which an introductory...:
His mother said, 「Son, all these years, thanks to the poems and paintings you have sold, I have saved nearly fifty taels of silver. I don't have to worry about fuel and rice; and, old as I am, I'm hale and hearty. There's no reason why you shouldn't leave home and lie low for a time. You haven't committed any crime. The officers can't arrest your mother.」
「She's right,」 agreed Old Qin. 「Besides, if you bury yourself in this village, who will recognize your talents? Go to some big place, and who knows but what you may meet with recognition. I'll keep an eye on everything here for you, and see that your mother is all right.」
Wang Mian bowed his thanks to Old Qin, who went home to fetch food and wine for his friend. They feasted late into the night.

27 說楔子敷... :
王冕一路風餐露宿，九十里大站，七十里小站，一徑來到山東濟南府地方。這山東雖是近北省分，這會城卻也人物富庶，房舍稠密。王冕到了此處，盤費用盡了，只得租個小菴門面屋，賣卜測字，也畫兩張沒骨的花卉貼在那裏，賣與過往的人。每日問卜賣畫，倒也擠個不開。彈指間，過了半年光景。
In which an introductory...:
Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian travelled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan. Although Shandong is a northern province, its chief city was rich and populous, packed with buildings. By the time Wang Mian arrived here, his money was spent, and he had to rent a small front room in a temple and tell fortunes there. He also painted pictures of flowers, and posted up a couple to sell to passers-by. Every day he told fortunes and sold paintings, and customers flocked to him. In this way six months flew by.

29 說楔子敷... :
那日清早，纔坐在那裏，只見許多男女，啼啼哭哭，在街上過。也有挑著鍋的，也有籮擔內挑著孩子的，一個個面黃肌瘦，衣裳襤褸。過去一陣，又是一陣，把街上都塞滿了。也有坐在地上就化錢的。問其所以，都是黃河沿上的州縣，被河水決了。田廬房舍，盡行漂沒。這是些逃荒的百姓，官府又不管，只得四散覓食。
In which an introductory...:
One morning, as he was sitting in his room, his attention was attracted by a number of men and women, many of them in tears, passing down the street. Some were carrying pans, others had children in baskets suspended from a pole over their shoulders. Group after group passed, haggard, half-starved, their clothes in rags. They filled the streets, and some of them sat on the ground to beg. When Wang Mian asked where they were from, he found that they came from the villages by the Yellow River. Their fields and homes had been flooded, so now they were refugees; and since the government would do nothing for them, they were reduced to beggary.

《王孝廉村學識同科　周蒙師暮年登上第 - Provincial Graduate Wang meets a fellow candidate in a village school. Zhou Meng passes the examination in his old age》

 Library Resources
20 王孝廉村... :
梅相公正喫著火燒，接口道：「做夢倒也有些準哩。」因問周進道：「長兄這些年考校，可曾得個甚麼夢兆？」周進道：「倒也沒有。」梅玖道：「就是徼倖的這一年，正月初一日，我夢見在一個極高的山上，天上的日頭，不差不錯，端端正正掉了下來，壓在我頭上，驚出一身的汗；醒了摸一摸頭，就像還有些熱。彼時不知甚麼原故，如今想來，好不有準！」
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
With his mouth full of cake, Mr. Mei put in: 「There is something in dreams.」 And turning to Zhou Jin he asked: 「Mr. Zhou, these past years, during the examinations, what dreams have you had?」
「None at all,」 replied Zhou Jin.
「I was fortunate,」 said Mei Jiu. 「Last year on New Year's Day, I dreamed that I was on a very high mountain. The sun in the sky was directly above me, but suddenly it fell down on my head! Sweating with fright, I woke up and rubbed my head, and it still seemed hot. I didn't understand then what the dream meant, but later it came true!」

28 王孝廉村... :
王舉人笑道：「說起來，竟是一場笑話：弟今年正月初一日夢見看會試榜，弟中在上面是不消說了，那第三名也是汶上人，叫做荀玫。弟正疑惑我縣裏沒有這一個姓荀的孝廉，誰知竟同著這個小學生的名字。難道和他同榜不成！」說罷，就哈哈大笑起來，道：「可見夢作不得準！況且功名大事，總以文章為主，那裏有甚麼鬼神！」
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
「This is certainly a joke,」 said Wang Hui with a short laugh. 「On the first day of this year I dreamed that I was looking at the list of metropolitan examination results. My name was on it — that goes without saying. But the third name was that of another man from Wenshang County called Xun Mei, and I wondered at this, since there was no provincial scholar from my county called Xun. Fancy it's turning out to be this little student's name! As if I could be on the same list as he!」 He burst out laughing, then went on, 「It's obvious that dreams are unreliable. Fame and achievement depend upon study, not upon any supernatural forces.」

《周學道校士拔真才　胡屠戶行兇鬧捷報 - Examiner Zhou picks out true talent. Butcher Hu cuts up rough after good news》

 Library Resources
1 周學道校... :
話說周進在省城要看貢院，金有餘見他真切，只得用幾個小錢同他去看。不想纔到天字號，就撞死在地下。眾人多慌了，只道一時中了惡。行主人道：「想是這貢院裏久沒有人到，陰氣重了，故此周客人中了惡。」金有餘道：「賢東，我扶著他，你且去到做工的那裏借口開水來灌他一灌。」行主人應諾，取了水來，三四個客人一齊扶著，灌了下去，喉嚨裏咯咯的響了一聲，吐出一口稠涎來。眾人道：「好了。」扶著立了起來。周進看著號板，又是一頭撞將去。這回不死了，放聲大哭起來。眾人勸著不住。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
When Zhou Jin fell senseless to the ground, his friends were greatly taken aback, thinking he must be ill.
「I suppose this place has been shut up so long that the air is bad,」 said the guild head. 「That must be why he has collapsed.」
「I'll hold him up,」 said Qin to the guild head, 「while you go and get some hot water from the workmen over there to bring him to.」
When the guild head brought back the water, three or four of the others raised Zhou Jin up and poured water down his throat till he gave a gurgle and spat out some phlegm. 「That's better,」 they said, and helped him to his feet. But when Zhou Jin saw the desk he beat his head against it again. Only, instead of falling unconscious, this time he burst into loud sobbing. Not all their entreaties could stop him.

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