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Scope: The Scholars Request type: Paragraph
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儒林外史 - The Scholars

[Qing] 1750 Library Resources

說楔子敷陳大義 借名流隱括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book

Library Resources
1 說楔子敷... :
人生南北多歧路,將相神仙,也要凡人做。百代興亡朝復暮,江風吹倒前朝樹。
功名貴無憑據,費盡心情,總把流光誤。濁酒三杯沉醉去,水流花謝知何處。
In which an introductory...:
Men in their lives go on different ways;
Generals, statesmen, saints and even immortals
Begin as ordinary people. Dynasties rise and fall,
Mornings change to evenings; winds from the river
Bring down old trees. From a former reign;
And fame, riches, rank may vanish without a trace.
Then aspire not for these, wasting your days;
But drink and be merry, for who knows
Where the waters carry the blossom cast over them?

2 說楔子敷... :
這一首詞,也是個老生常談。不過說人生貴功名,是身外之物;但世人一見了功名,便捨著性命去求他,及至到手之後,味同嚼蠟。自古及今,那一個是看得破的!
In which an introductory...:
The idea expressed in this poem is the commonplace one that in human life riches, rank, success and fame are external things. Men will risk their lives in the search for them; yet once they have them within their grasp, the taste is no better than chewed tallow. But from ancient times till now, how many have accepted this?

27 說楔子敷... :
王冕一路風餐露宿,九十里大站,七十里小站,一徑來到山東濟南府地方。這山東雖是近北省分,這會城卻也人物庶,房舍稠密。王冕到了此處,盤費用盡了,只得租個小菴門面屋,賣卜測字,也畫兩張沒骨的花卉貼在那裏,賣與過往的人。每日問卜賣畫,倒也擠個不開。彈指間,過了半年光景。
In which an introductory...:
Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian travelled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan. Although Shandong is a northern province, its chief city was rich and populous, packed with buildings. By the time Wang Mian arrived here, his money was spent, and he had to rent a small front room in a temple and tell fortunes there. He also painted pictures of flowers, and posted up a couple to sell to passers-by. Every day he told fortunes and sold paintings, and customers flocked to him. In this way six months flew by.

王孝廉村學識同科 周蒙師暮年登上第 - Provincial Graduate Wang meets a fellow candidate in a village school. Zhou Meng passes the examination in his old age

Library Resources
2 王孝廉村... :
那時成化末年,正是天下繁的時候。新年正月初八日,集上人約齊了,都到庵裏來議鬧龍燈之事。到了早飯時候,為頭的申祥甫帶了七八個人走了進來,在殿上拜了佛。和尚走來與諸位見節,都還過了禮。申祥甫發作和尚道:「和尚!你新年新歲,也該把菩薩面前香燭點勤些!阿彌陀佛!受了十方的錢鈔,也要消受。」又叫「諸位都來看看:這琉璃燈內,只得半琉璃油!」指著內中一個穿齊整些的老翁,說道:「不論別人,只這一位荀老爹,三十晚裏還送了五十斤油與你。白白給你炒菜喫,全不敬佛!」和尚陪著小心,等他發作過了,拿一把鉛壺,撮了一把苦丁茶葉,倒滿了水,在火上燎得滾熱,送與眾位喫。
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
It was the last year of the Cheng Hua period of the Ming Dynasty, when the country was prosperous. One year, on the eighth of the first month, just after New Year, some of the villagers met in the temple to discuss the dragon lantern dance which is held on the fifteenth. At breakfast time the man who usually took the lead, Shen Xiang-fu, walked in, followed by seven or eight others. In the main hall they bowed to Buddha, and the monk came to wish them a happy New Year. As soon as they had returned his greeting, Shen reproved him:
「Monk! At New Year you should burn more incense before Buddha! Gracious Heaven! You've been pocketing money from all sides, and you ought to spend a little of it. Come here, all of you, and take a look at this lamp: it's only half filled with oil.」 Then, pointing to an old man who was better dressed than most: 「Not to mention others, Mr. Xun alone sent you fifty catties of oil on New Year's Eve. But you are using it all for your cooking, instead of for the glory of Buddha.」
The monk apologized profusely when Shen had finished. Then he fetched a pewter kettle, put in a handful of tea leaves, filled the kettle with water, boiled it over the fire and poured out tea for them.

周學道校士拔真才 胡屠戶行兇鬧捷報 - Examiner Zhou picks out true talent. Butcher Hu cuts up rough after good news

Library Resources
37 周學道校... :
鄰居內一個人道:「胡老爹方纔這個嘴巴打的親切,少頃范老爺洗臉,還要洗下半盆豬油來!」又一個道:「老爹,你這手明日殺不得豬了。」胡屠戶道:「我那裏還殺豬,有我這賢婿,還怕後半世靠不著他怎的?我每常說,我的這個賢婿,才學又高,品貌又好,就是城裏頭那張府、周府這些老爺,也沒有我女婿這樣一個體面的相貌!你們不知道,得罪你們說,我小老這一雙眼睛,卻是認得人的!想著先年,我小女在家裏長到三十多歲,多少有錢的戶要和我結親,我自己覺得女兒像有些福氣的,畢竟要嫁與個老爺,今日果然不錯!」說罷,哈哈大笑。眾人都笑起來。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
「That was what I call a friendly slap,」 said one of the neighbours. 「Wait till Mr. Fan finishes washing his face. I bet he can easily wash off half a basin of lard!」
「Mr. Hu!」 said another. 「This hand of yours will be too good to kill pigs any more.」
「No indeed,」 replied the butcher. 「Why should I go on killing pigs? My worthy son-in-law will be able to support me in style for the rest of my life. I always said that this worthy son-in-law of mine was very learned and handsome, and that not one of those Chang and Zhou family officials in the city looked so much the fine gentleman. I have always been a good judge of character, I don't mind telling you. My daughter stayed at home till she was more than thirty, although many rich families wanted to marry her to their sons; but I saw signs of good fortune in her face, and knew that she would end up by marrying an official. You see today how right I was.」 He gave a great guffaw, and they all started to laugh.

鄉紳發病鬧船家 寡婦含冤控大伯

Library Resources
7 鄉紳發病... :
過了幾日,大老爺果然帶著第二個兒子往省裏去了。趙氏在家掌管家務,真個是錢過北斗,米爛成倉,僮僕成群,牛馬成行,享福度日。不想皇天無眼,不祐善人,那小孩子出起天花來,發了一天熱,醫生來看,說是個險症,藥裏用了犀角、黃連、人牙,不能灌漿,把趙氏急的到處求神許願,都是無益。到七日上,把個白白胖胖的孩子跑掉了。趙氏此番的哭泣,不但比不得哭大娘,並且比不得哭二爺,直哭得眼淚都哭不出來。整整的哭了三日三夜,打發孩子出去。叫家人請了兩位舅爺來商量,要立大房裏第五個姪子承嗣。二位舅爺躊躇道:「這件事,我們做不得主。況且大先生又不在家,兒子是他的,須是要他自己情願,我們如何硬做主?」趙氏道:「哥哥,你妹夫有這幾兩銀子的家私,如今把個正經主兒去了,這些家人小廝都沒個投奔,這立嗣的事是緩不得的。知道他伯伯幾時回來?間壁第五個姪子纔十一二歲,立過來,還怕我不會疼熱他,教導他?他伯娘聽見這個話,恨不得雙手送過來。就是他伯伯回來,也沒得說。你做舅舅的人,怎的做不得主?」王德道:「也罷,我們過去替他說一說罷。」王仁道:「大哥,這是那裏話?宗嗣大事,我們外姓如何做得主?如今姑奶奶若是急的很,只好我弟兄兩人公寫一字,他這裏叫一個家人連夜到省裏請了大先生回來商議。」王德道:「這話最好,料想大先生回來也沒得說。」王仁搖著頭笑道:「大哥,這話也且再看。但是不得不如此做。」趙氏聽了這話,摸頭不著,只得依著言語,寫了一封字,遣家人來連夜赴省接大老爹。

8 鄉紳發病... :
來到省城,問著大老爹的下處在高底街。到了寓處門口,只見四個戴紅黑帽子的,手裏拿著鞭子,站在門口;嚇了一跳,不敢進去。站了一會,看見跟大老爹的四斗子出來,纔叫他領了他進去。看見敞廳上,中間擺著一乘彩轎,彩轎傍邊豎著一把遮陽,遮陽上帖著「即補縣正堂」。四斗子進去請了大老爹出來,頭戴紗帽,身穿圓領補服,腳下粉底皂靴。來上前磕了頭,遞上書信。大老爹接著看了,道:「我知道了。我家二相公恭喜,你且在這裏伺候。」來下來,到廚房裏,看見廚子在那裏辦席。新人房在樓上,張見擺的紅紅綠綠的,來不敢上去。直到日頭平西,不見一個吹手來。二相公戴著新方巾,披著紅,簪著花,前前後後走著著急,問吹手怎的不來。大老爹在廳上嚷成一片聲,叫四斗子快傳吹打的!四斗子道:「今日是個好日子,八錢銀子一班叫吹手還叫不動。老爹給了他二錢四分低銀子,又還扣了他二分戥頭,又叫張府裏押著他來;他不知今日應承了幾家,他這個時候怎得來?」大老爹發怒道:「放狗屁!快替我去!來遲了,連你一頓嘴巴!」四斗子骨都著嘴,一路絮聒了出去,說道:「從早上到此刻,一碗飯也不給人喫,偏生有這些臭排場!」說罷,去了。

9 鄉紳發病... :
直到上燈時候,連四斗子也不見回來。抬新人的轎夫和那些戴紅黑帽子的又催的狠。廳上的客說道:「也不必等吹手,吉時已到,且去迎親罷。」將掌扇掮起來,四個戴紅黑帽子的開道,來跟著轎,一直來到周家。那周家敞廳甚大,雖然點著幾盞燈燭,天井裏卻是不亮。這裏又沒有個吹打的,只得四個戴紅黑帽子的,一遞一聲,在黑天井裏喝道,喝個不了。來看見,不好意思,叫他不要喝了。周家裏面有人吩咐道:「拜上嚴老爺,有吹打的就發轎,沒吹打的不發轎。」正吵鬧著,四斗子領了兩個吹手趕來,一個吹簫,一個打鼓,在廳上滴滴打打的,總不成個腔調。兩邊聽的人笑個不住。周家鬧了一會,沒奈何,只得把新人轎發來了。新人進門,不必細說。

10 鄉紳發病... :
過了十朝,叫來同四斗子去寫了兩隻高要船。那船家就是高要縣的人。兩隻大船,銀十二兩,立契到高要付銀。一隻裝的新郎、新娘,一隻嚴貢生自坐。擇了吉日,辭別親家,借了一副「巢縣正堂」的金字牌,一副「肅靜」、「迴避」的白粉牌,四根門鎗,插在船上;又叫了一班吹手,開鑼掌傘,吹打上船。船家十分畏懼,小心伏侍。一路無話。

11 鄉紳發病... :
那日將到高要縣,不過二三十里路了,嚴貢生坐在船上,忽然一時頭暈上來,兩眼昏花,口裏作惡心,噦出許多清痰來。來同四斗子,一邊一個,架著膊子,只是要跌。嚴貢生口裏叫道:「不好!不好!」。叫四斗子快丟了去燒起一壺開水來。四斗子把他放了睡下,一聲不倒一聲的哼。四斗子慌忙同船家燒了開水,拿進艙來。嚴貢生將鑰匙開了箱子,取出一方雲片糕來,約有十多片,一片一片,剝著喫了幾片,將肚子揉著,放了兩個大屁,登時好了。剩下幾片雲片糕,閣在後鵝口板上,半日也不來查點。那掌舵駕長害饞癆,左手扶著舵,右手拈來,一片片的送在嘴裏了。嚴貢生只作不看見。

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