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《儒林外史 - The Scholars》 | [Qing] 1750 | Library Resources |
《說楔子敷陳大義 借名流隱括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 說楔子敷... : |
人生南北多歧路，將相神仙，也要凡人做。百代興亡朝復暮，江風吹倒前朝樹。 功名富貴無憑據，費盡心情，總把流光誤。濁酒三杯沉醉去，水流花謝知何處。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
Men in their lives go on different ways; Generals, statesmen, saints and even immortals Begin as ordinary people. Dynasties rise and fall, Mornings change to evenings; winds from the river Bring down old trees. From a former reign; And fame, riches, rank may vanish without a trace. Then aspire not for these, wasting your days; But drink and be merry, for who knows Where the waters carry the blossom cast over them? | |
| 6 | 說楔子敷... : | 彈指又過了三四年。王冕看書，心下也著實明白了。那日，正是黃梅時候，天氣煩躁。王冕放牛倦了，在綠草地上坐著。須臾，濃雲密布，一陣大雨過了。那黑雲邊上鑲著白雲，漸漸散去，透出一派日光來，照耀得滿湖通紅。湖邊上山，青一塊，紫一塊，綠一塊。樹枝上都像水洗過一番的，尤其綠得可愛。湖裏有十來枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷葉上水珠滾來滾去。王冕看了一回，心裏想道：「古人說：『人在畫圖中』，其實不錯。可惜我這裏沒有一個畫工，把這荷花畫他幾枝，也覺有趣。」又心裏想道：「天下那有個學不會的事，我何不自畫他幾枝。」 |
| In which an introductory...: |
So three or four years quickly passed. Wang Mian studied and began to see things clearly. One sultry day in early summer, tired after leading the buffalo to graze, he sat down on the grass. Suddenly dense clouds gathered, and there was a heavy shower of rain. Then the black storm clouds fringed with fleecy white drifted apart, and the sun shone through, bathing the whole lake in crimson light. The hills by the lake were blue, violet and emerald. The trees, freshly washed by the rain, were a lovelier green than ever. Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled about the leaves. As Wang Mian watched, he thought, 「The ancients said, 'In a beautiful scene a man feels he is part of a picture.' How true! What a pity there is no painter here to paint these sprays of lotus. That would be good.」 Then he reflected, 「There's nothing a man can't learn. Why shouldn't I paint them myself?」 | |
| 7 | 說楔子敷... : | 正存想間，只見遠遠的一個夯漢，挑了一擔食盒來，手裏提著一瓶酒，食盒上掛著一塊氈條，來到柳樹下，將氈鋪了，食盒打開。那邊走過三個人來，頭帶方巾，一個穿寶藍夾紗直裰，兩人穿元色直裰，都有四五十歲光景，手搖白紙扇，緩步而來。那穿寶藍直裰的是個胖子，來到樹下，尊那穿元色的一個鬍子坐在上面，那一個瘦子坐在對席；他想是主人了，坐在下面把酒來斟。 |
| In which an introductory...: | Just then, he saw in the distance a fellow carrying two hampers over his shoulder and a bottle of wine in his hand. Hanging from one hamper was a rug. The man spread the rug under the willows, and opened the hampers. Behind him came three men in scholars' square caps, all some forty to fifty years old. Two were dressed in dark grey, and the third in a blue linen gown. Fanning themselves with white paper fans, they advanced slowly. The one in blue was fat. When he reached the willows he asked one of the men in grey, one with a long beard, to take the seat of honour, and another, a thin one, to sit on the rug opposite. He himself was evidently the host, for he sat in the lowest place and poured the wine. They began eating. | |
| 8 | 說楔子敷... : | 喫了一回，那胖子開口道：「危老先生回來了。新買了住宅，比京裏鐘樓街的房子還大些，值得二千兩銀子。因老先生要買，房主人讓了幾十兩銀賣了，圖個名望體面。前月初十搬家，太尊、縣父母都親自到門來賀，留著喫酒到二三更天。街上的人，那一個不敬。」那瘦子道：「縣尊是壬午舉人，乃危老先生門生，這是該來賀的。」那胖子道：「敝親家也是危老先生門生，而今在河南做知縣。前日小婿來家，帶二斤乾鹿肉來見惠，這一盤就是了。這一回小婿再去，託敝親家寫一封字來，去晉謁晉謁危老先生；他若肯下鄉回拜，也免得這些鄉戶人家，放了驢和豬在你我田裏喫糧食。」那瘦子道：「危老先生要算一個學者了。」那鬍子說道：「聽見前日出京時，皇上親自送出城外，攜著手走了十幾步，危老先生再三打躬辭了，方纔上轎回去。看這光景，莫不是就要做官？」三人你一句，我一句，說個不了。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
After a while, the fat man said, 「Mr. Wei has come back. His new house is even bigger than the one in Bell Tower Street in the capital. The price was two thousand taels of silver, but, because the purchaser was so distinguished, the owner allowed him several dozen taels discount for the sake of the credit he would get from this transaction. On the tenth of last month Mr. Wei moved in. The prefect and the county magistrate called to congratulate him, and stayed there feasting until nearly midnight. There is nobody who does not respect him.」 「The magistrate used to be Mr. Wei's pupil,」 said the thin man. 「It was only right for him to pay his respects.」 「My son-in-law's father is an old pupil of Mr. Wei's, too,」 said the fat man. 「He has a post as magistrate now in Henan Province. The day before yesterday my son-in-law came to visit me, bringing two catties of dried venison—that's it on this dish. When he goes back, he's going to ask his father to write a letter of introduction so that I can call on Mr. Wei. Then, if Mr. Wei condescends to come to the village to return the visit, the villagers won't dare to turn their donkeys and pigs loose to eat the grain in our fields any more.」 「Mr. Wei is a real scholar,」 said the thin man. 「Recently, when he left the capital,」 said the man with the beard, 「I heard the emperor himself escorted him out of the city, taking his hand and walking nearly twenty steps with him. It was only after Mr. Wei had repeatedly bowed and entreated him to go no further that the emperor got into his sedan-chair and returned to the city. Judging by this, Mr. Wei will probably soon become a great official.」 The three men talked on and on. | |
| 27 | 說楔子敷... : | 王冕一路風餐露宿，九十里大站，七十里小站，一徑來到山東濟南府地方。這山東雖是近北省分，這會城卻也人物富庶，房舍稠密。王冕到了此處，盤費用盡了，只得租個小菴門面屋，賣卜測字，也畫兩張沒骨的花卉貼在那裏，賣與過往的人。每日問卜賣畫，倒也擠個不開。彈指間，過了半年光景。 |
| In which an introductory...: | Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian travelled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan. Although Shandong is a northern province, its chief city was rich and populous, packed with buildings. By the time Wang Mian arrived here, his money was spent, and he had to rent a small front room in a temple and tell fortunes there. He also painted pictures of flowers, and posted up a couple to sell to passers-by. Every day he told fortunes and sold paintings, and customers flocked to him. In this way six months flew by. | |
| 30 | 說楔子敷... : | 王冕見此光景，過意不去，歎了一口氣道：「河水北流，天下自此將大亂了。我還在這裏做甚麼！」將些散碎銀子，收拾好了，栓束行李，仍舊回家。入了浙江境，纔打聽得危素已還朝了，時知縣也陞任去了；因此放心回家，拜見母親。看見母親康健如常，心中歡喜。母親又向他說秦老許多好處。他慌忙打開行李，取出一匹繭紬，一包耿餅，拿過去拜謝了秦老。秦老又備酒與他洗塵。自此，王冕依舊吟詩作畫，奉養母親。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
Distressed by this sight, Wang Mian sighed and said, 「Now the river has left its course again. This has invariably been a prelude to a period of great confusion. Why should I stay here?」 Putting together his money and belongings, he started for home. When he reached Zhejiang Province, he heard that Mr. Wei had gone back to the capital and Magistrate Shi had been promoted to another post. He could, therefore, feel easy in his mind about going home. He bowed before his mother, and was happy to see that she was as healthy as ever. She told him that Old Qin had been very good to her, whereupon Wang Mian hastily unpacked a whole bolt of silk and a package of dried persimmons which he gave to Old Qin to express his thanks. And Old Qin prepared a feast for his home-coming. After that Wang Mian lived as before, chanting poetry, painting pictures and taking care of his mother like a good son. |
《王孝廉村學識同科 周蒙師暮年登上第 - Provincial Graduate Wang meets a fellow candidate in a village school. Zhou Meng passes the examination in his old age》 | Library Resources |
| 23 | 王孝廉村... : | 不覺兩個多月，天氣漸暖。周進喫過午飯，開了後門出來，河沿上望望。雖是鄉村地方，河邊卻也有幾樹桃花、柳樹，紅紅綠綠，間雜好看。看了一回，只見濛濛的細雨下將起來。周進見下雨，轉入門內，望著雨下在河裏，煙籠遠樹，景致更妙。這雨越下越大。卻見上流頭一隻船冒雨而來。那船本不甚大，又是蘆蓆篷，所以怕雨。將近河岸，看時，中艙坐著一個人，船尾坐著兩個從人，船頭上放著一擔食盒。將到岸邊，那人連呼船家泊船，帶領從人，走上岸來。周進看那人時，頭戴方巾，身穿寶藍緞直裰，腳下粉底皂靴，三綹髭鬚，約有三十多歲光景。走到門口，與周進舉一舉手，一直進來。自己口裏說道：「原來是個學堂。」周進跟了進來作揖。那人還了個半禮道：「你想就是先生了？」周進道：「正是。」那人問從者道：「和尚怎的不見？」說著，和尚忙走了出來道：「原來是王大爺。請坐。僧人去烹茶來。」向著周進道：「這王大爺就是前科新中的。先生陪了坐著，我去拿茶。」 |
| Provincial Graduate Wang meets...: |
Soon more than two months had passed and it began to grow warm. One day after lunch, Zhou Jin opened the back gate and went out to stroll on the river bank. It was a small country place, with some peach trees and willows beside the stream, their pink and green beautifully intermingled. Zhou Jin enjoyed the scenery until it began to drizzle. Then he went back to his doorway to watch the rain falling on the river and mist shrouding the distant trees, making them look even lovelier. The rain was beginning to fall more heavily when a boat came downstream — a small craft with a matting roof which could not keep out the wet. As it approached the bank, he saw a man sitting in the middle of the boat and two servants in the stern, while in the bow were two hampers. They reached the bank and the man ordered the boatman to moor the boat, then stepped ashore followed by his servants. He was wearing a scholar's cap, a sapphire-olue gown and black slippers with white soles. His beard was combed into three tufts, and he looked a little over thirty. Coming to the temple gate he nodded to Zhou Jin, then entered saying to himself, 「This seems to be a school.」 「Yes,」 said Zhou Jin, accompanying him in and greeting him. 「And you, I suppose, are the teacher?」 「That is correct.」 「How is it we don't see the monk?」 the stranger asked his servants. But just then the monk hurried in, saying, 「Please take a seat, Mr. Wang, and I'll make tea for you.」 Then he told Zhou Jin, 「This is Mr. Wang Hui, a new provincial scholar. Please sit down and keep him company while I go to make tea.」 |
《周學道校士拔真才 胡屠戶行兇鬧捷報 - Examiner Zhou picks out true talent. Butcher Hu cuts up rough after good news》 | Library Resources |
| 4 | 周學道校... : | 又一個客人道：「論這事，只該怪我們金老客。周相父既是斯文人，為甚麼帶他出來做這樣的事？」金有餘道：「也只為赤貧之士，又無館做，沒奈何上了這一條路。」又一個客人道：「看令舅這個光景，畢竟胸中才學是好的；因沒有人識得他，所以受屈到此田地。」金有餘道：「他才學是有的，怎奈時運不濟！」那客人道：「監生也可以進場。周相公既有才學，何不捐他一個監進場？中了，也不枉了今日這一番心事。」金有餘道：「我也是這般想。只是那裏有這一注銀子？」 |
| Examiner Zhou picks out...: |
「It seems to me you're the one to blame, Old Qin,」 said another merchant. 「If Mr. Zhou is a scholar, why did you bring him on such business?」 「Because he was so hard up,」 said Qin. 「He had lost his job as a teacher; there was no other way out for him.」 「Judging by your brother-in-law's appearance,」 said another, 「he must be a very learned man. It's because nobody recognizes his worth that he feels so wronged.」 「He's learned all right,」 said Jin, 「but he's been unlucky.」 「Anybody who buys the rank of scholar of the Imperial College can go in for the examination,」 said the man who had just spoken. 「Since Mr. Zhou is so learned, why not buy him a rank so that he can take the examination? If he passes, that will make up for his unhappiness today.」 「I agree with you,」 rejoined Jin. 「But where's the money to come from?」 | |
| 17 | 周學道校... : | 胡屠戶又吩咐女婿道：「你如今既中了相公，凡事要立起個體統來。比如我這行事裏都是些正經有臉面的人，又是你的長親，你怎敢在我們跟前粧大？若是家門口這些做田的，扒糞的，不過是平頭百姓，你若同他拱手作揖，平起平坐，這就是壞了學校規矩，連我臉上都無光了。你是個爛忠厚沒用的人，所以這些話我不得不教導你，免得惹人笑話。」 |
| Examiner Zhou picks out...: | 「Now that you have become a gentleman,」 went on Butcher Hu, 「you must do things in proper style. Of course, men in my profession are decent, high-class people; and I am your elder too — you mustn't put on any airs before me. But these peasants round here, dung-carriers and the like, are low people. If you greet them and treat them as equals, that will be a breach of etiquette and will make me lose face too. You're such an easy-going, good-for-nothing fellow, I'm telling you this for your own good, so that you won't make a laughing-stock of yourself.」 |
《薦亡齋和尚喫官司 打秋風鄉紳遭橫事 - In which a monk invited to say masses is involved in a lawsuit, and a country gentleman out to raise money runs into trouble》 | Library Resources |
| 7 | 薦亡齋和... : | 范舉人因母親做佛事，和尚被人拴了，忍耐不得，隨即拿帖子向知縣說了。知縣差班頭將和尚解放，女人著交美之領了家去；一班光棍帶著，明日早堂發落。眾人慌了，求張鄉紳帖子在知縣處說情，知縣准了，早堂帶進，罵了幾句，扯一個淡，趕了出去。和尚同眾人倒在衙門口用了幾十兩銀子。 |
| In which a monk...: | Because the abbot was to say masses for his mother, Fan Jin was impatient of any delay. He immediately wrote a letter to the magistrate, who sent a runner to release the abbot, let He Mei-zhi take his wife home, and order the men who had accused them to appear in court the next day. These men took fright, and asked Mr. Zhang to put in a word for them with the magistrate. Accordingly, the next morning when their case came up, the magistrate simply gave them a brief warning and drove them out. The upshot of the whole matter was that both the abbot and Mr. Zhang's tenants had to bribe the yamen officials with several dozen taels of silver. |
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