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《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷四 - Book 4》 | Library Resources |
《兼愛下 - Universal Love III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 5 | 兼愛下: |
然而天下之士非兼者之言，猶未止也。曰：「意可以擇士，而不可以擇君乎？」「姑嘗兩而進之。誰以為二君，使其一君者執兼，使其一君者執別，是故別君之言曰『吾惡能為吾萬民之身，若為吾身，此泰非天下之情也。人之生乎地上之無幾何也，譬之猶駟馳而過隙也』。是故退睹其萬民，飢即不食，寒即不衣，疾病不侍養，死喪不葬埋。別君之言若此，行若此。兼君之言不然，行亦不然。曰：「吾聞為明君於天下者，必先萬民之身，後為其身，然後可以為明君於天下。」是故退睹 其1萬民，飢即食之，寒即衣之，疾病侍養之，死喪葬埋之。兼君之言若此，行若此。然即交若之二君者，言相非而行相反與？常使若二君者，言必信，行必果，使言行之合猶合符節也，無言而不行也。然即敢問，今歲有癘疫，萬民多有勤苦凍餒，轉死溝壑中者，既已眾矣。不識將擇之二君者，將何從也？我以為當其於此也，天下無愚夫愚婦，雖非兼者，必從兼君是也。言而非兼，擇即 取兼2，此言行拂也。不識天下所以皆聞兼而非之者，其故何也？」 |
| Universal Love III: |
Yet the objection is not all exhausted. It is objected: Maybe it is a good criterion to choose among ordinary men, but it may not apply to the rulers. Let us again consider the matter from both sides. Suppose there are two rulers. Let one of them hold partiality and the other universality. Then the partial ruler would say to himself, how can I take care of the people as I do of myself? This would be quite contrary to common sense. A man's life on earth is of short duration, it is like a galloping horse passing by. Therefore when he finds his people hungry he would not feed them, and when he finds them cold he would not clothe them. When they are sick he would not minister to them, and upon their death he would not bury them. Such is the word and such is the deed of the partial ruler. The universal ruler is quite unlike this both in word and in deed. He would say to himself, I have heard that to be an upright ruler of the world one should first attend to his people and then to himself. Therefore when he finds his people hungry he would feed them, and when he finds them cold he would clothe them. In their sickness he would minister to them, and upon their death he would bury them. Such is the word and such is the deed of the universal ruler. These two rulers, then, are opposed to each other in word and also in deed. Suppose they are sincere in word and decisive in deed so that their word and deed are made to agree like the two parts of a tally, and that there is no word but what is realized in deed, then let us consider further: Suppose, now, that there is a disastrous pestilence, that most people are in misery and privation, and that many lie dead in ditches (Under such circumstances) let us inquire, if a person could choose one of the two rulers, which would he prefer? It seems to me on such occasions there are no fools in the world. Even if he is a person who objects to universal love, he will choose the universal ruler. This is verbal objection to the principle but actual selection by it - this is self-contradiction between one's word and deed. It is incomprehensible, then, why people should object to universal love when they hear it. 1. 其 : Inserted. |
《卷九 - Book 9》 | Library Resources |
《非命下 - Anti-Fatalism III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 4 | 非命下: |
是故子墨子曰：「今天下之君子之為文學出言談也，非將勤勞其惟舌，而利其脣呡也，中實將欲為其國家邑里萬民刑政者也。今也王公大人之所以蚤朝晏退，聽獄治政，終朝均分，而不敢 息1怠倦者，何也？曰：彼以為強必治，不強必亂；強必寧，不強必危，故不敢怠倦。今也卿大夫之所以竭股肱之力，殫其思慮之知，內治官府，外斂關市、山林、澤梁之利，以實官府，而不敢怠倦者，何也？曰：彼以為強必貴，不強必賤；強必榮，不強必辱，故不敢怠倦。今也農夫之所以蚤出暮入，強乎耕稼樹藝，多聚叔粟，而不敢怠倦者，何也？曰：彼以為強必富，不強必貧；強必飽，不強必飢，故不敢怠倦。今也婦人之所 以2夙興夜寐，強乎紡績織紝，多治麻絲葛緒捆布縿，而不敢怠倦者，何也？曰：彼以為強必富，不強必貧，強必煖，不強必寒，故不敢怠倦。今雖毋在乎王公大人，蕢若信有命而致行之，則必怠乎聽獄治政矣，卿大夫必怠乎治官府矣，農夫必怠乎耕稼樹藝矣，婦人必怠乎紡績織紝矣。王公大人怠乎聽獄治政，卿大夫怠乎治官府，則我以為天下必亂矣。農夫怠乎耕稼樹藝，婦人怠乎紡織績紝，則我以為天下衣食之財將必不足矣。若以為政乎天下，上以事天鬼，天鬼不使；下以持養百姓，百姓不利，必離散不可得用也。是以入守則不固，出誅則不勝，故雖昔者三代暴王桀紂幽厲之所以共抎其國家，傾覆其社稷者，此也。」是故子墨子言曰：「今天下之士君子，中實將欲求興天下之利，除天下之害，當若有命者 之3言 ，不可不強非4也。曰：命者，暴王所作，窮人所術，非仁者之言也。今之為仁義者，將不可不察而強非者，此也。」 |
| Anti-Fatalism III: |
And Mozi said: In expounding a doctrine or elaborating a system the gentlemen of the world should not do it just to exercise their voice and tongue and practise their lips. It must aim at being applied in the government of the country, the district, and the people. Now the rulers go to court early and retire late, hearing lawsuits and attending to government and meting out justice for the whole day, and dare not be negligent. Why do they do this? They think diligence will bring about order, and negligence chaos; diligence will produce safety, and negligence danger. Therefore they dare not be negligent. The ministers and secretaries exhaust the energy in their limbs and stretch the wisdom of their minds within to look after the court and without to collect taxes from passes, markets, and products from mountains, woods, ponds, and fields to fill the treasury, and dare not be negligent. Why do they do this? They think diligence will procure honour and negligence dishonour; diligence will procure glory and negligence disgrace. Therefore they dare not be negligent. The farmers set out at daybreak and come back at dusk, diligently sowing seeds and planting trees to produce much soy beans and millet, and dare not be negligent. Why do they do this? They think diligence will result in wealth, and negligence in poverty; diligence will produce plenty, and negligence famine. Therefore they dare not be negligent. The women get up at dawn and retire in the night, diligently weaving and spinning to produce much silk, flax linen, and cloth, and dare not be negligent. Why do they do this? They think diligence will produce wealth and negligence poverty; diligence will produce warmth and negligence cold. Therefore they dare not be negligent. Now, if they should believe in fate and behave accordingly, the rulers would be negligent in hearing lawsuits and attending to government; the ministers and secretaries would be negligent in attending to court; the farmers would be negligent in sowing seeds and planting trees; the women would be negligent in weaving and spinning. When the rulers are negligent in hearing lawsuits and attending to government and the ministers and secretaries in attending to court, then I should think the world would be in chaos. When the farmers are negligent in sowing seeds and planting trees and the women in weaving and spinning, then according to my opinion clothing and food for the world will be insufficient. As to the result of the application of the doctrine of fatalism to the government of the empire, to worship Heaven and the spirits above with it Heaven and the spirits will not be pleased, and to nurture the people below with it they will not be benefited but will be demoralized and cannot be employed. And, within, defence will not be strong, and, without, attack will not be victorious. And that for which the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li, lost their country and ruined their state was just this (doctrine). Therefore Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to procure benefits for the world and destroy its calamities they cannot but vigorously refute the doctrine of fatalism. For fatalism was an invention of the wicked kings and the practice of miserable men. It was not a doctrine of the magnanimous. Therefore those who practise magnanimity and righteousness must examine it and vigorously refute it. 1. 息 : Deleted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《卷十五 - Book 15》 | Library Resources |
《迎敵祠 - The Sacrifice against the Coming of the Enemy》 | Library Resources |
| 4 | 迎敵祠: | 祝、史乃告於四望、山川、社稷，先於戎，乃退。公素服誓于太廟，曰：「其人為不道，不脩義詳，唯乃是王，曰：予必懷亡爾社稷，滅爾百姓。二三子夙夜自厲，以勤寡人，和心比力兼左右，各死而守。既誓，公乃退食。舍於中太廟之右，祝、史舍于社。百官具御，乃斗鼓于門，右置旂，左置旌于隅練名。射參發，告勝，五兵咸備，乃下，出挨，升望我郊。乃命鼓，俄升，役司馬射自門右，蓬矢射之，茅參發，弓弩繼之，校自門左，先以揮，木石繼之。祝、史、宗人告社，覆之以甑。 |
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