| | 率性: |
孔門弟子七十之徒，皆任卿相之用，被服聖教，文才雕琢，知能十倍，教訓之功而漸漬之力也。未入孔子之門時，閭巷常庸無奇。其尤甚不率者，唯子路也。世稱子路無恆之庸人，未入孔門時，戴雞佩豚，勇猛無禮；聞誦讀之聲，搖雞奮豚，揚脣吻之音，聒賢聖之耳，惡至甚矣。孔子引而教之，漸漬磨礪，闔導牖進，猛氣消損，驕節屈折，卒能政事，序在四科。斯蓋變性使惡為善之明效也。 |
| Shuaixing: |
The seventy disciples of the school of Confucius were each of them able to creditably fill the post of a minister of state. Conforming to the holy doctrines, they became accomplished scholars, and their knowledge and skill grew tenfold. This was the result of teaching; thus latent faculties were gradually developed. Before they joined Confucius' school, they sauntered about in the streets as quite ordinary and in no wise exceptional people. The most ungovernable of all was Zilu, who is generally reported to have been a common and unsteady individual. Before he became Confucius' pupil, he wore a feather hat and a pig skin belt. He was brutal and unmannerly. Whenever he heard some reading, he tossed up his feather hat, pulled his belt, and uttered such a yell, that he deafened the ears of the worthies and sages. Such was his wickedness. Confucius took him under his guidance. By degrees he polished and instructed him. The more he advanced in knowledge, the more he lost his fierceness, and his arrogance was broken. At last he was able to govern a state, and ranked in the four classes. This is a shining example of how a man's character was changed from bad into good. |
| | 率性: |
有癡狂之疾，歌啼於路，不曉東西，不睹燥濕，不覺疾病，不知飢飽，性已毀傷，不可如何，前無所觀，郤無所畏也。是故王法不廢學校之官，不除獄理之吏，欲令凡眾見禮義之教。學校勉其前，法禁防其後，使丹朱之志，亦將可勉。何以驗之？三軍之士，非能制也，勇將率勉，視死如歸。且闔廬嘗試其士於五湖之側，皆加刃於肩，血流至地。句踐亦試其士於寢宮之庭，赴火死者，不可勝數。夫刃、火，非人性之所貪也，二主激率，念不顧生。是故軍之法輕刺血，孟賁勇也，聞軍令懼。是故叔孫通制定禮儀，拔劍爭功之臣，奉禮拜伏，初驕倨而後遜順，教威德，變易性也。不患性惡，患其不服聖教，自遇而以生禍也。 |
| Shuaixing: |
Only in the case of insanity, when a person sings and weeps in the streets, knowing neither east nor west, taking no heed of scorching heat or humidity, unaware of his own madness and unconscious of hunger and satiety, nature is deranged and upset, and there is no help. As such a man sees nothing before him, he is afraid of nothing. Therefore the government does not abolish the officers of public instruction or dispense with criminal judges, wishing thereby to inculcate the observance of the moral laws. The schools guide people at first, the laws control and restrain them later on. Even the will of a Dan Zhu might be curbed; the proof is that the soldiers of a big army are kept in order by reproofs. Men and officers are held in check to such an extent, that they look at death as a return. He Lu put his soldiers to the test by the "Five Lakes." They all cut their arms with swords, that the blood trickled down to the ground. Gou Jian also gave his men a trial in the hall of his inner palace. Those who jumped into the fire and perished, were innumerable. Human nature is not particularly fond of swords and fire, but the two rulers had such a power over their men, that they did not care for their lives. It is the effect of military discipline to make light of cuts and blood. Meng Ben was bold, but on hearing the order for the army he became afraid. In the same way the officers who were wont to draw their swords to fight out, whose merits were first, went through all the ceremonial, and prostrated themselves (before the emperor), when Shusun Tong had fixed the rites. Imperious and overbearing first, they became obedient and submissive. The power of instruction and the influence of virtue transform the character. One need not sorrow that a character is bad, but it is to be regretted, if it does not submit to the teachings of the sages. Such an individual owes his misfortune to himself. |
