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《史書 - Histories》 | Related resources |
《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《本紀 - Annals》 | Library Resources |
《五帝本紀 - Annals of the Five Emperors》 | Books referencing 《五帝本紀》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 五帝本紀: | 軒轅之時，神農氏世衰。諸侯相侵伐，暴虐百姓，而神農氏弗能征。於是軒轅乃習用干戈，以征不享，諸侯咸來賓從。而蚩尤最為暴，莫能伐。炎帝欲侵陵諸侯，諸侯咸歸軒轅。軒轅乃修德振兵，治五氣，藝五種，撫萬民，度四方，教熊羆貔貅貙虎，以與炎帝戰於阪泉之野。三戰然後得其志。蚩尤作亂，不用帝命。於是黃帝乃徵師諸侯，與蚩尤戰於涿鹿之野，遂禽殺蚩尤。而諸侯咸尊軒轅為天子，代神農氏，是為黃帝。天下有不順者，黃帝從而征之，平者去之，披山通道，未嘗寧居。 |
| Annals of the Five...: | In the time of Xuanyuan, Shennong became enfeebled. The princes made raids on each other and harassed the people, but Shennong could not chastise them, so Xuanyuan exercised himself in the use of weapons of war, so as to be able to punish irregularities. The princes all came and did homage, but Chiyou, the fiercest of all, could not be subdued. Yandi (Flame emperor) wished to oppress the princes, so they turned to Xuanyuan, who practised virtue, marshalled his men, controlled the five elements, cultivated the five kinds of grain, pacified the nations, and went over all parts of his country. Training black bears, grizzly bears, foxes, panthers, lynxes, and tigers, he, with their aid, fought with 'Flame emperor' in the desert of Banquan, and, after three battles, realised his wishes. Chiyou was a rebel, who did not obey the Emperor's command, so Huangdi, levying an army of the princes, fought against Chiyou, captured, and slew him in the desert of Zhuolu. The princes all agreed that Xuanyuan should be the Emperor in place of Shennong, under the title Huangdi. Those in the empire who would not submit, Huangdi pursued and chastised, and when they were subdued he left them. He made cuttings in hills, opened roads, and was never at rest. |
《周本紀》 | Books referencing 《周本紀》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 周本紀: | 棄為兒時，屹如巨人之志。其游戲，好種樹麻、菽，麻、菽美。及為成人，遂好耕農，相地之宜，宜穀者稼穡焉，民皆法則之。帝堯聞之，舉棄為農師，天下得其利，有功。帝舜曰：「棄，黎民始饑，爾后稷播時百穀。」封棄於邰，號曰后稷，別姓姬氏。后稷之興，在陶唐﹑虞﹑夏之際，皆有令德。 |
《秦本紀》 | Books referencing 《秦本紀》 Library Resources |
| 33 | 秦本紀: | 戎王使由余於秦。由余，其先晉人也，亡入戎，能晉言。聞繆公賢，故使由余觀秦。秦繆公示以宮室、積聚。由余曰：「使鬼為之，則勞神矣。使人為之，亦苦民矣。」繆公怪之，問曰：「中國以詩書禮樂法度為政，然尚時亂，今戎夷無此，何以為治，不亦難乎？」由余笑曰：「此乃中國所以亂也。夫自上聖黃帝作為禮樂法度，身以先之，僅以小治。及其後世，日以驕淫。阻法度之威，以責督於下，下罷極則以仁義怨望於上，上下交爭怨而相篡弒，至於滅宗，皆以此類也。夫戎夷不然。上含淳德以遇其下，下懷忠信以事其上，一國之政猶一身之治，不知所以治，此真聖人之治也。」於是繆公退而問內史廖曰：「孤聞鄰國有聖人，敵國之憂也。今由余賢，寡人之害，將奈之何？」內史廖曰：「戎王處辟匿，未聞中國之聲。君試遺其女樂，以奪其志；為由余請，以疏其閒；留而莫遣，以失其期。戎王怪之，必疑由余。君臣有閒，乃可虜也。且戎王好樂，必怠於政。」繆公曰：「善。」因與由余曲席而坐，傳器而食，問其地形與其兵勢盡察，而後令內史廖以女樂二八遺戎王。戎王受而說之，終年不還。於是秦乃歸由余。由余數諫不聽，繆公又數使人閒要由余，由余遂去降秦。繆公以客禮禮之，問伐戎之形。 |
《秦始皇本紀》 | Books referencing 《秦始皇本紀》 Library Resources |
| 4 | 秦始皇本... : | 大索，逐客，李斯上書說，乃止逐客令。李斯因說秦王，請先取韓以恐他國，於是使斯下韓。韓王患之。與韓非謀弱秦。大梁人尉繚來，說秦王曰：「以秦之彊，諸侯譬如郡縣之君，臣但恐諸侯合從，翕而出不意，此乃智伯、夫差、湣王之所以亡也。願大王毋愛財物，賂其豪臣，以亂其謀，不過亡三十萬金，則諸侯可盡。」秦王從其計，見尉繚亢禮，衣服食飲與繚同。繚曰：「秦王為人，蜂準，長目，摯鳥膺，豺聲，少恩而虎狼心，居約易出人下，得志亦輕食人。我布衣，然見我常身自下我。誠使秦王得志於天下，天下皆為虜矣。不可與久游。」乃亡去。秦王覺，固止，以為秦國尉，卒用其計策。而李斯用事。 |
| 20 | 秦始皇本... : | 皇帝臨位，作制明法，臣下修飭。二十有六年，初并天下，罔不賓服。親巡遠方黎民，登茲泰山，周覽東極。從臣思跡，本原事業，祗誦功德。治道運行，諸產得宜，皆有法式。大義休明，垂于後世，順承勿革。皇帝躬聖，既平天下，不懈於治。夙興夜寐，建設長利，專隆教誨。訓經宣達，遠近畢理，咸承聖志。貴賤分明，男女禮順，慎遵職事。昭隔內外，靡不清凈，施于後嗣。化及無窮，遵奉遺詔，永承重戒。 |
| 23 | 秦始皇本... : | 維二十八年，皇帝作始。端平法度，萬物之紀。以明人事，合同父子。聖智仁義，顯白道理。東撫東土，以省卒士。事已大畢，乃臨于海。皇帝之功，勸勞本事。上農除末，黔首是富。普天之下，摶心揖志。器械一量，同書文字。日月所照，舟輿所載。皆終其命，莫不得意。應時動事，是維皇帝。匡飭異俗，陵水經地。憂恤黔首，朝夕不懈。除疑定法，咸知所辟。方伯分職，諸治經易。舉錯必當，莫不如畫。皇帝之明，臨察四方。尊卑貴賤，不踰次行。瑯邪不容，皆務貞良。細大盡力，莫敢怠荒。遠邇辟隱，專務肅莊。端直敦忠，事業有常。皇帝之德，存定四極。誅亂除害，興利致福。節事以時，諸產繁殖。黔首安寧，不用兵革。六親相保，終無寇賊。驩欣奉教，盡知法式。六合之內，皇帝之土。西涉流沙，南盡北戶。東有東海，北過大夏。人跡所至，無不臣者。功蓋五帝，澤及牛馬。莫不受德，各安其宇。 |
| 79 | 秦始皇本... : | 宣公享國十二年。居陽宮。葬陽。初志閏月。 |
| 117 | 秦始皇本... : | 子嬰度次得嗣，冠玉冠，佩華紱，車黃屋，從百司，謁七廟。小人乘非位，莫不怳忽失守，偷安日日，獨能長念卻慮，父子作權，近取於戶牖之閒，竟誅猾臣，為君討賊。高死之後，賓婚未得盡相勞，餐未及下咽，酒未及濡脣，楚兵已屠關中，真人翔霸上，素車嬰組，奉其符璽，以歸帝者。鄭伯茅旌鸞刀，嚴王退舍。河決不可復壅，魚爛不可復全。賈誼、司馬遷曰：「向使嬰有庸主之才，僅得中佐，山東雖亂，秦之地可全而有，宗廟之祀未當絕也。」秦之積衰，天下土崩瓦解，雖有周旦之材，無所復陳其巧，而以責一日之孤，誤哉！俗傳秦始皇起罪惡，胡亥極，得其理矣。復責小子，云秦地可全，所謂不通時變者也。紀季以酅，春秋不名。吾讀秦紀，至於子嬰車裂趙高，未嘗不健其決，憐其志。嬰死生之義備矣。 |
《項羽本紀 - Annals of Xiang Yu》 | English translation: ctext.org users [?] | Books referencing 《項羽本紀》 Library Resources |
| 16 | 項羽本紀: | 行略定秦地。函谷關有兵守關，不得入。又聞沛公已破咸陽，項羽大怒，使當陽君等擊關。項羽遂入，至于戲西。沛公軍霸上，未得與項羽相見。沛公左司馬曹無傷使人言於項羽曰：「沛公欲王關中，使子嬰為相，珍寶盡有之。」項羽大怒，曰：「旦日饗士卒，為擊破沛公軍！」當是時，項羽兵四十萬，在新豐鴻門，沛公兵十萬，在霸上。范增說項羽曰：「沛公居山東時，貪於財貨，好美姬。今入關，財物無所取，婦女無所幸，此其志不在小。吾令人望其氣，皆為龍虎，成五采，此天子氣也。急擊勿失。」 |
| Annals of Xiang Yu: | [Xiang Yu's troops] came to Hangu Pass in former Qin territory. The pass was guarded by (Liu Bang's) soldiers so [Xiang Yu] could not get through. Apart from this, it was said that Pei Gong (namely Liu Bang) had already occupied Xian Yang city. Xiang Yu hence got fiercely angry, so he ordered Lord Dang Yang to attack the pass. Then he got through the pass and marched to Xixi. Pei Gong's troops were stationed in Bashang; he did not have the chance to meet Xiang Yu. A military officer of Pei Gong, Cao Wushang, secretly sent a messenger to Xiang Yu, saying: "Pei Gong intends to be king of Guanzhong, with Zi Ying as prime minister, and possess all the treasures of Qin." Xiang Yu broke out in a rage, and said: "Prepare my soldiers tomorrow morning. I will destroy Pei Gong's army!" At that time, Xiang Yu had 400,000 men stationed in Hongmen, Pei Gong had 100,000 men in Bashang. Fan Zeng said to Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong was in Shandong, he was very greedy for treasures and beauties. But today in Guanzhong, treasures are untouched, women are intact. This reveals his tremendous ambition. I had his Qi observed, and it is like dragon and tiger, in five colors - this is the Qi of the Son of Heaven. Strike him at once and do not miss!" |
《孝文本紀》 | Books referencing 《孝文本紀》 Library Resources |
| 8 | 孝文本紀: | 正月，有司言曰：「蚤建太子，所以尊宗廟。請立太子。」上曰：「朕既不德，上帝神明未歆享，天下人民未有嗛志。今縱不能博求天下賢聖有德之人而禪天下焉，而曰豫建太子，是重吾不德也。謂天下何？其安之。」有司曰：「豫建太子，所以重宗廟社稷，不忘天下也。」上曰：「楚王，季父也，春秋高，閱天下之義理多矣，明於國家之大體。吳王於朕，兄也，惠仁以好德。淮南王，弟也，秉德以陪朕。豈為不豫哉！諸侯王宗室昆弟有功臣，多賢及有德義者，若舉有德以陪朕之不能終，是社稷之靈，天下之福也。今不選舉焉，而曰必子，人其以朕為忘賢有德者而專於子，非所以憂天下也。朕甚不取也。」有司皆固請曰：「古者殷周有國，治安皆千餘歲，古之有天下者莫長焉，用此道也。立嗣必子，所從來遠矣。高帝親率士大夫，始平天下，建諸侯，為帝者太祖。諸侯王及列侯始受國者皆亦為其國祖。子孫繼嗣，世世弗絕，天下之大義也，故高帝設之以撫海內。今釋宜建而更選於諸侯及宗室，非高帝之志也。更議不宜。子某最長，純厚慈仁，請建以為太子。」上乃許之。因賜天下民當代父後者爵各一級封將軍薄昭為軹侯。 |
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