| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 馬 U+99AC |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jiaguwen |  Jianbo | 马 Simplified character | 𢒗 Semantic variant | 𢒠 Semantic variant | 𩡬 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 马+ 0 strokes = 10 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.307#28 Kangxi: p.1433#01 Cihai: p.1499r1c01 GSR: 40.a Hanyu: v7,p4539#01 |
| Composition: | Component of: 𩡨 獁 𩡪 𩡭 𩡫 𩡮 𫨑 䭴 𩡯 𩡩 驭 冯 傌 驮 𠖖 𮩲 妈 馲 𠺎 𮩳 [More] |
| Mandarin: | mǎ ㄇㄚˇ |
| Cantonese: | maa5 |
| Tang reconstruction: | *mǎ |
| Shuowen: | 《马部》马：怒也。武也。象马头髦尾四足之形。凡马之属皆从马。 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·上声·马·马》马：说父曰怒也，武也，象头髦尾四足之形尚书中𠋫曰稷爲大司马。《释名》云：大司马马武也，大揔武事也，亦姓扶风人本自伯益之裔赵奢封马服君后遂氏焉秦灭赵徙奢孙兴于咸阳爲右内史遂爲扶风人又汉复姓五氏汉马宫本姓马矢氏功臣表有马适育沟洫志有谏议大夫乗马延年何氏姓苑云今西阳人孔子弟子有巫马期风俗通有白马氏。莫下切，七。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·马部·马部》马：〔古文〕𢒠𩡬𢒗《唐韵》《正韵》莫下切《集韵》《韵会》母下切，𠀤麻上声。《说文》怒也，武也。象马头髦尾四足之形。《玉篇》黄帝臣相乗马。马，武兽也，怒也。《正韵》乗畜。生于午，禀火气。火不能生木，故马有肝无胆。胆，木之精气也。木臓不足，故食其肝者死。《易·说卦传》乾爲马。《疏》乾象天，天行健，故爲马。《春秋·说题辞》地精爲马。《春秋·考异记》地生月精爲马。月数十二，故马十二月而生。《周礼·夏官·马质》掌质马，马量三物，一曰戎马二曰田马三曰驽马，皆有物贾。又《校人》掌王马，辨六马之属。凡大祭祀，朝觐，会同，毛马而颁之。凡军事，物马而颁之。注：毛马齐其色。物马齐其力。又《趣马》掌赞正良马。又《巫马》掌养疾马而乗治之，相医而药攻马疾。又《廋人》掌十二闲之政敎以阜马。《圉人》掌刍牧以役圉师。又司马，官名。《周礼·夏官·大司马注》谓总武事也。又《淸夜录》汉制，卿驷马右騑。《前汉·东方朔传》太守，驷马驾车，一马行春。《衞宏·舆服志》诸侯四马，驸以一马。《南史·柳元策传》兄弟五人，𠀤爲太守。时人语曰：柳氏门庭，五马逶迤。《正字通》故今太守称五马大夫。又田野浮气曰野马。《庄子·逍遥游》野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。《注》日光也。一曰游丝水气。又阳马。《何晏·景福殿赋》承以阳马，接以圆方。《注》阳马，屋四角引出承短椽者，连接或圆或方也。又投壶胜算曰马。《礼·投壶》爲胜者立马，一马从二马，三马旣立，请庆多马。《注》立马者，取算以爲马，表其胜之数也。谓算爲马者，马爲威武之用，投壶及射，皆以习武也。又《字汇补》打马，弹碁类也。朱李易安有打马图。又地名。马陉，齐邑。马陵，郑地。𠀤见《左传》。又天马，兽名。有翼能飞。又竈马，虫名。《酉阳杂俎》状似促织，好穴竈旁。今俗呼竈鸡。又马勃，草名。《正字通》生湿地腐木上，一名马疕。韩愈所云牛溲马勃，兼收𠀤蓄是也。又海马，鱼名。牙骨坚莹，文理细如丝，可制爲器。又姓。《姓苑》本伯益之后，赵奢封马服君，遂氏焉。又司马、巫马、乗马，皆复姓。《前汉·沟洫志》谏大夫乗马延年。《孟康曰》乗马，姓也。又《风俗通》有白马氏。又马流。《兪益期曰》马援立铜柱，岸北有遗兵，居寿冷岸，南对铜柱，悉姓马，号曰马流。《方隅胜略》谓马人散处南海，谓之马流。《韩愈诗》衙时龙戸集，上日马人来。《注》卽马流也。一作马留。又门名。《前汉·项籍传注》宫垣内兵衞所在，四面皆有司马，以主事，故总称司马门。又《公孙弘传注》武帝时，相马者东门京作铜马法，立于鲁般门外，更名金马门。又亭名。谢灵运爲永嘉太守，以五马自随，立五马亭。又《集韵》满补切，音姥。义同。《前汉·石庆传》马字与尾当五。《师古曰》马字，下曲者尾，幷四点爲足，凡五。 考证：〔《周礼·夏官·校人》掌王马，辨六马之属。又《趣马》掌赞正良马。又《巫马》掌养疾马而乗治之，相医而药攻马疾。又《马质》掌质马，马量三物。一曰戎马，二曰田马，三曰驽马。皆有物贾。又《廋人》掌十二闲之政敎以阜马。《圉人》掌刍牧以役圉师。凡太祭祀，朝觐，会同，毛马而颁之。凡军事，物马而颁之。《注》毛马，齐其色。物马，齐其力。〕谨照原文次序改为：周礼夏官马质掌质马，马量三物，一曰戎马二曰田马三曰驽马，皆有物贾。又校人掌王马，辨六马之属。凡大祭祀，朝觐，会同，毛马而颁之。凡军事，物马而颁之。注毛马齐其色。物马齐其力。又《趣马》掌赞正良马。又《巫马》掌养疾马而乗治之，相医而药攻马疾。又《廋人》掌十二闲之政敎以阜马。《圉人》掌刍牧以役圉师。〔《姓苑》本伯益之后，超奢封马服君，遂氏焉。〕谨照原文超奢改赵奢。原版已改。 |
| Fanqie: | 莫下 (《广韵·上声·马·马》) |
| Unihan definition: | horse; surname; KangXi radical 187 |
CTP Dictionary
[Show proper names]Example usage
| 《论语·为政》: | 至于犬马，皆能有养。 |
| But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support. | |
| 《孟子·尽心上》: | 孟子曰：“王子宫室、车马、衣服多与人同，而王子若彼者，其居使之然也。” |
| Mencius said, 'The residence, the carriages and horses, and the dress of the king's son, are mostly the same as those of other men. That he looks so is occasioned by his position.' | |
| 《礼记·投壶》: | 比投不释，胜饮不胜者，正爵既行，请为胜者立马，一马从二马，三马既立，请庆多马。 |
| 'If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor. If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses. | |
| 《扬子法言》: | 睎骥之马，亦骥之乘也。 |
| A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a worthy harness-mate for a thoroughbred. | |
| 《庄子·逍遥游》: | 野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也 |
| (But similar to this is the movement of the breezes which we call) the horses of the fields, of the dust (which quivers in the sunbeams), and of living things as they are blown against one another by the air. | |
| 《道德经》: | 天下有道，却走马以粪。 |
| When the Dao prevails in the world, they send back their swift horses to (draw) the dung- carts. | |
| 《商君书·去强》: | 强国知十三数：境内仓口之数，壮男壮女之数，老弱之数，官士之数，以言说取食者之数，利民之数，马牛刍藁之数。 |
| A strong country knows thirteen figures: the number of granaries within its borders, the number of able-bodied men and of women, the number of old and of weak people, the number of officials and of officers, the number of those making a livelihood by talking, the number of useful people, the number of horses and of oxen, the quantity of fodder and of straw. | |
| 《孙子兵法·作战》: | 国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫，近于师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役，力屈财殚，中原内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七，公家之费，破车罢马，甲胄矢弩，戟楯蔽橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。 |
| Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. | |
| 《史记·五帝本纪》: | 黄收纯衣，彤车乘白马。 |
| He wore a yellow hat and plain silk dress, and drove a red car drawn by white horses. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 货财曰赙，舆马曰賵，衣服曰襚，玩好曰赠，玉贝曰含。 |
| 《说苑·君道》: | 当尧之时，舜为司徒，契为司马，禹为司空，后稷为田畴，夔为乐正，倕为工师，伯夷为秩宗，皋陶为大理，益掌驱禽，尧体力便巧不能为一焉，尧为君而九子为臣，其何故也？ |
| 《春秋繁露·竹林》: | 司马子反为其君使。 |
| 《韩诗外传·卷一》: | 子贡乘肥马，衣轻裘，中绀而表素，轩不容巷，而往见之。 |
| 《大戴礼记·夏小正》: | 颁马。 |
| 《白虎通德论·社稷》: | 《论语》曰：“季路使子羔为费宰，曰：‘有民人马，有社稷焉。’” |
| 《新书·耳痹》: | 大夫种拊心嗥啼，沬泣而言信，割白马而为牺，指九天而为证，请妇人为妾，丈夫为臣，百世名宝，因闲官为积，孤身为关内诸侯，世为忠臣 |
| 《新序·善谋下》: | 周之先自后稷，尧封之邰，积德累善十馀世，公娇避桀居邠，大王以狄伐去邠，杖马策居岐国，人争归之，及文王为西伯，断虞芮讼，始受命，吕望、伯夷自海滨来归之，武王伐纣，不期而会孟津上八百诸侯，灭殷，成王即位，周公之属傅相，乃营成周雒邑，以为天下中，诸侯四方，纳贡职道里均矣。 |
| 《中论·治学》: | 马虽有逸足，而不闲舆，则不为良骏 |
| 《孔子家语·相鲁》: | 古者诸侯竝出疆，必具官以从，请具左右司马。 |
| 《潜夫论·遏利》: | 季文子相四君，马不饩粟，妾不衣帛。 |
| 《论衡·命禄》: | 夫命富之人，筋力自强，命贵之人，才智自高，若千里之马，头目蹄足自相副也。 |
| 《太玄经·羡》: | 上九，车轴折，其衡抈，四马就括，高人吐血。 |
| 《风俗通义》: | 曰：“犬马最难，鬼魅最易。” |
| 《孔丛子·嘉言》: | 马方骇鼓而惊之，系方绝重而填之。 |
| 《申鉴·政体》: | 自近御远，犹夫御马焉，和于手而调于衔，则可以使马。 |
| 《新语·道基》: | 于是奚仲乃桡曲为轮，因直为辕，驾马服牛，浮舟杖楫，以代人力。 |
| 《独断·卷上》: | 车马、衣服、器械百物曰“乘舆”，所在曰“行在所”，所居曰“禁中”，后曰“省中”。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·独断》: | 樊哙冠，汉将军樊哙造次所冠，以入项籍营，广七寸，前出四寸，司马殿门大护卫士服之。 |
| 《墨子·经说下》: | 异则或谓之牛，牛或谓之马也。 |
| 《列子·天瑞》: | 羊肝化为地皋，马血之为转邻也，人血之为野火也。 |
| 《鶡冠子·天权》: | 夫蚊虻坠乎千仞之溪，乃始翱翔而成其容，牛马坠焉，碎而无形。 |
| 《文子·道原》: | 老子曰：大丈夫恬然无思，惔然无虑，以天为盖，以地为车，以四时为马，以阴阳为御，行乎无路，游乎无怠，出乎无门。 |
| 《文始真经·四符》: | 殊不知我之生死，如马之手，如牛之翼，本无有，复无无。 |
| 《列仙传·马师皇》: | 马师皇者，黄帝时马医也。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 却走马以粪，粪者，粪田也。 |
| 《韩非子·初见秦》: | 然则是赵举，赵举则韩亡，韩亡则荆、魏不能独立，荆、魏不能独立则是一举而坏韩、蠹魏、拔荆，东以弱齐、燕，决白马之口以沃魏氏，是一举而三晋亡，从者败也。 |
| 《慎子·威德》: | 夫投钩以分财，投策以分马，非钩策为均也。 |
| 《谏逐客书》: | 今陛下致昆山之玉，有随、和之宝，垂明月之珠，服太阿之剑，乘纤离之马，建翠凤之旗，树灵鼍之鼓。 |
| 《管子·轻重己》: | 牺牲以彘，发号出令曰：“罚而勿赏，夺而勿予，罪狱诛而勿生，终岁之罪，毋有所赦，作衍牛马之实在野者王”，天子之秋计也。 |
| 《公孙龙子·迹府》: | 假物取譬，以“守白”辩，谓白马为非马也。 |
| 《吴子·料敌》: | 力轻扛鼎，足轻戎马，搴旗斩将，必有能者。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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