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| Condition 1: References 子 (3): 五等爵位中的第四等。 Fourth of the five levels of nobility. Matched:19. |
| Total 19 paragraphs. Page 1 of 2. Jump to page 1 2 |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《禮記 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《禮記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《王制 - Wang Zhi》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《王制》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 王制: | 王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。諸侯之上大夫卿、下大夫、上士、中士、下士，凡五等。 |
| Wang Zhi: | According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank). There were (also), in the feudal states, Great officers of the highest grade - the ministers; and Great officers of the lowest grade; officers of the highest, the middle, and the lowest grades - in all, five gradations (of office). |
《文王世子 - Wen Wang Shi Zi》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《文王世子》 Library Resources |
| 30 | 文王世子: | 天子視學，大昕鼓徵，所以警眾也。眾至，然後天子至。乃命有司行事。興秩節，祭先師先聖焉。有司卒事，反命。始之養也：適東序，釋奠於先老，遂設三老五更群老之席位焉。適饌省醴，養老之珍，具；遂發詠焉，退修之以孝養也。反，登歌清廟，既歌而語，以成之也。言父子、君臣、長幼之道，合德音之致，禮之大者也。下管《象》，舞《大武》。大合眾以事，達有神，興有德也。正君臣之位、貴賤之等焉，而上下之義行矣。有司告以樂闋，王乃命公侯伯子男及群吏曰：「反！養老幼於東序。」終之以仁也。 |
| Wen Wang Shi Zi: | When the son of Heaven was about to visit the college, the drum was beaten at early dawn to arouse all (the students). When all were come together, the son of Heaven then arrived and ordered the proper officers to discharge their business, proceeding in the regular order, and sacrificing to the former masters and former Sages. When they reported to him that everything had been done, he then began to go to the nourishing (of the aged). Proceeding to the school on the east, he unfolded and set forth the offerings to the aged of former times, and immediately afterwards arranged the mats and places for the three (classes of the) old, and the five (classes of the) experienced, for all the aged (indeed who were present). He (then) went to look at the food and examine the liquor. When the delicacies for the nourishment of the aged were all ready, he caused the song to be raised (as a signal for the aged to come). After this he retired and thus it was that he provided for (the aged) his filial nourishment. When (the aged) had returned (to their seats after partaking of the feast), the musicians went up and sang the Qing Miao, after which there was conversation to bring out fully its meaning. They spoke of the duties between father and son, ruler and minister, elders and juniors. This union (of the conversation) with the highest description of virtue in the piece constituted the greatest feature of the ceremony. Below (in the court-yard), the flute-players played the tune of the Xiang, while the Da-wu was danced, all uniting in the grand concert according to their parts, giving full development to the spirit (of the music), and stimulating the sense of virtue. The positions of ruler and minister, and the gradations of noble and mean were correctly exhibited, and the respective duties of high and low took their proper course. The officers having announced that the music was over, the king then charged the dukes, marquises, earls, counts, and barons, with all the officers, saying, 'Return, and nourish the aged and the young in your eastern schools.' Thus did he end (the ceremony) with (the manifestation of) benevolence. |
《孝經 - Xiao Jing》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《孝經》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《孝治 - Filial Piety in Government》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《孝治》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 孝治: | 子曰：「昔者明王之以孝治天下也，不敢遺小國之臣，而況於公、侯、伯、子、男乎？故得萬國之歡心，以事其先王。治國者，不敢侮於鰥寡，而況於士民乎？故得百姓之歡心，以事其先君。治家者，不敢失於臣妾，而況於妻子乎？故得人之歡心，以事其親。夫然，故生則親安之，祭則鬼享之。是以天下和平，災害不生，禍亂不作。故明王之以孝治天下也如此。《詩》云：『有覺德行，四國順之。』」 |
| Filial Piety in Government:...: |
The Master said, "Anciently, when the intelligent kings by means of filial piety ruled all under heaven, they did not dare to receive with disrespect the ministers of small states. How much less would they do so to the dukes, marquises, counts, and barons! Thus it was that they got (the princes of) the myriad states with joyful hearts (to assist them) in the (sacrificial) services to their royal predecessors. The rulers of states did not dare to slight wifeless men and widows. How much less would they slight their officers and the people! Thus it was that they got all their people with joyful hearts (to assist them) in serving the rulers, their predecessors. The heads of clans did not dare to slight their servants and concubines. How much less would they slight their wives and sons! Thus it was that they got their men with joyful hearts (to assist them) in the service of their parents. In such a state of things, while alive, parents reposed in (the glory of) their sons, and, when sacrificed to, their disembodied spirits enjoyed their offerings. Therefore for all under heaven peace and harmony prevailed; disasters and calamities did not occur; misfortunes and rebellions did not arise. It is said in the Book of Poetry: To an upright, virtuous conduct All in the four quarters of the state render obedient homage." |
《春秋繁露 - Chun Qiu Fan Lu》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Dong Zhong Shu | Books referencing 《春秋繁露》 Library Resources Related resources |
《奉本》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 奉本: | 禮者，繼天地，體陰陽，而慎主客，序尊卑、貴賤、大小之位，而差外內、遠近、新故之級者也，以德多為象。萬物以廣博眾多，歷年久者為象。其在天而象天者，莫大日月，繼天地之光明，莫不照也。星莫大於大辰，北斗常星。部星三百，衛星三千。大火二十六星，伐十三星，半斗星，二十八宿。多者宿二十八九。其猶著百莖而共一本，龜千歲而人寶。是以三代傳決疑焉。其得地體者，莫如山阜。人之得天得眾者，莫如受命之天子。下至公、侯、伯、子、男，海內之心懸於天子，疆內之民統於諸侯。日月食，告凶，不以其行。有星於東方，常星不見，地震，梁山沙鹿崩，宋、衛、陳、鄭災，王公大夫篡弒者，《春秋》皆書以為大異；不言眾星之入、雨，原隰之襲崩，一國之小民死亡，不決疑於眾草木也。唯田邑之稱，多著主名。君將不言臣，臣不言師，王夷、君獲，不言師敗。孔子曰：「唯天為大，唯堯則之。」則之者，大也。「巍巍乎其有成功也」，言其尊大以成功也。齊桓晉文不尊周室，不能霸；三代聖人不則天地，不能至王。階此而觀之，可以知天地之貴矣。夫流深者其水不測，尊至者其敬無窮。是故天之所加，雖為災害，猶承而大之，其欽無窮，震夷伯之廟是也。天無錯舛之災，地有震動之異。天子所誅絕，所敗師，雖不中道，而《春秋》者不敢闕，謹之也。故師出者眾矣，莫言還。至師及齊師圍成，成降於齊師，其君劫外，不得已，故可直言也。至於他師，皆其君之過也，而曰非師之罪。是臣子之不為君父受罪，罪不臣子莫大焉。夫至明者其照無疆，至晦者其暗無疆。今《春秋》緣魯以言王義，殺隱桓以為遠祖，宗定哀以為考妣，至尊且高，至顯且明。其基壞之所加，潤澤之所被，條條無疆，前是常數，十年鄰之，幽人近其墓而高明。微國之君，卒葬之禮，錄而辭繁。遠夷之君，內而不外。當此之時，魯無鄙疆，諸侯之伐哀者皆言我。邾妻庶其、鼻我，邾妻大夫。其於我無以親，以近之故，乃得顯明。隱桓，親《春秋》之先人也，益師卒而不日。於稷之會，言其成宋亂，以遠外也。黃池之會，以兩伯之辭，言不以為外，以近內也。 |
《大戴禮記 - Da Dai Li Ji》 | [Eastern Han] 100-200 | Books referencing 《大戴禮記》 Library Resources |
《朝事》 | Books referencing 《朝事》 Library Resources |
| 17 | 朝事: | 公侯伯子男各以其旂就其位：諸公之國，中階之前，北面東上；諸侯之國，東階之東，西面北上；諸伯之國，西階之西，東面北上；諸子之國，門東，北面東上；諸男之國，門西，北面東上。 |
《白虎通德論 - Bai Hu Tong》 | [Eastern Han] 79-92 Ban Gu | Books referencing 《白虎通德論》 Library Resources |
《卷一》 | Library Resources |
《爵》 | Books referencing 《爵》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 爵: | 爵有五等，以法五行也；或三等者，法三光也。或法三光，或法五行何？質家者據天，故法三光；文家者據地，故法五行。《含文嘉》曰：「殷爵三等，周爵五等，各有宜也。」《王制》曰：「王者之制祿爵凡五等。」謂公、侯、伯、子、男。此周制也。所以名之為公侯者何。公者通公正無私之意也。侯者，候也。候逆順也。《春秋傳》曰：「王者之後稱公，其餘人皆千乘，像雷震百里所潤同。大國稱侯，小者伯、子、男也。」《王制》曰：「公、侯田方百里，伯七十里，子、男五十里。」伯者百也。子者孳也孳孳無已也。男者，任也。人皆五十里，差次功德，小者不滿為附庸，附庸者，附大國以名通也。百里兩爵、公侯共之，七十里一爵，五十里復兩爵何？公者，加尊二王之後，侯者百里之正爵士，上有可次，下有可第，中央故無二。五十里有兩爵者，所以加勉進人也。小國下爵，猶有尊卑，亦以勸人也。殷爵三等，謂公、侯、伯也，所以合子、男從伯者何？王者受命，改文從質，無虛退人之義，故上就伯也。《尚書》曰：「侯、甸、任、衛，作國伯。」謂殷也。《春秋傳》曰：「合伯、子、男為一爵。」或曰：合從子，貴中也。以《春秋》名鄭忽，忽者，鄭伯也。此未踰年之君當稱子，嫌為改赴。故名之也。地有三等不變，至爵獨變者何？地比爵為質，故不變。為質故不變，王者有改道之文，無改道之實。家所以令公居百里、侯居七十里何也？封賢極於百里。其政也，不可空退人，示優賢之意，欲褒尊而上之。何以知殷家侯人不過七十里者也？曰：士上有三等，有百里、有七十里，有五十里。其地半者其數倍，制地之理體也，多少不相配。 |
《新書 - Xin Shu》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Jia Yi | Books referencing 《新書》 Library Resources |
《卷二》 | Library Resources |
《階級》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 階級: | 人主之尊，辟無異堂陛。陛九級者，堂高大幾六尺矣。若堂無陛級者，堂高殆不過尺矣。天子如堂，群臣如陛，眾庶如地，此其辟也。故堂之上，廉遠地則堂高，近地則堂卑。高者難攀，卑者易陵，理勢然也。故古者聖王制為列等，內有公卿大夫士，外有公侯伯子男，然後有官師小吏，施及庶人，等級分明，而天子加焉，故其尊不可及也。 |
《揚子法言 - Yangzi Fayan》 | [Western Han - Xin] 33 BC-18 Yang Xiong | Books referencing 《揚子法言》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《重黎卷第十 - Zhong and Li》 | English translation: Jeffrey S. Bullock [?] | Library Resources |
| 8 | 重黎卷第... : | 或問：「秦伯列為侯衛，卒吞天下，而赧曾無以制乎？」曰：「天子制公侯伯子男也，庸節。節莫差於僣，僣莫重於祭，祭莫重於地，地莫重於天，則襄、文、宣、靈其兆也。昔者，襄公始僣，西畤以祭白帝；文、宣、靈宗，興鄜、密、上、下，用事四帝，而天王不匡，反致文、武胙。是以四疆之內各以其力來侵，攘肌及骨，而赧獨何以制秦乎？」 |
| Zhong and Li: |
The descendants of Bo Yi of the Qin were the protectors of the feudal lords, but suddenly they swallowed up all under Heaven. Why did King Nan of Zhou to restrict their expansion. Yangzi replied: The Son of Heaven restricts dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts and barons using rules of ceremony. In the rules of ceremony there is no fault greater than usurpation. In usurpation, no fault is greater those than in making sacrificial offerings. In making offerings, there is nothing more important than the place of the ceremony, and in the place of the ceremony, nothing is more important than choosing a place to sacrifice to Tian. This being so, Duke Xiang, Duke Wen, Duke Xuan and Duke Ling built their temples. In the past, Duke Xiang usurped the Western Alter and made offerings to the White Emperor. Dukes Wen, Xuan and Ling built temples at Fu, Mi, Shang and Xia to sacrifice to the Four Deities. The Son of Heaven did not rectify this, and to the contrary, wrongly made offerings to King Wen and King Wu. As a result, all within the four boundaries used their power to encroach upon each other, tearing apart flesh and bone. How could King Nan alone control the Qin? |
《法家 - Legalism》 | Related resources |
《管子 - Guanzi》 | [Warring States - Han (475 BC - 220)] | Books referencing 《管子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《度地 - Du Di》 | Books referencing 《度地》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 度地: | 昔者桓公問管仲曰：「寡人請問度地形而為國者，其何如而可？」管仲對曰：「夷吾之所聞，能為霸王者，蓋天子聖人也，故聖人之處國者，必於不傾之地，而擇地形之肥饒者，鄉山左右，經水若澤。內為落渠之寫，因大川而注焉。乃以其天材地利之所生，養其人以育六畜。天下之人，皆歸其德而惠其義。乃別制斷之。州者謂之術。不滿術者謂之里。故百家為里，里十為術，術十為州，州十為都，都十為霸國。不如霸國者國也，以奉天子，天子有萬諸侯也，其中有公侯伯子男焉。天子中而處，此謂因天之固，歸地之利。內為之城，城外為之郭，郭外為之土閬。地高則溝之，下則隄之，命之曰金城，樹以荊棘，上相穡著者，所以為固也。歲修增而毋已，時修增而毋已，福及孫子，此謂人命萬世無窮之利，人君之葆守也。臣服之以盡忠於君，君體有之以臨天下，故能為天下之民先也。此宰之任，則臣之義也。故善為國者，必先除其五害。人乃終身無患害而孝慈焉。 |
《史書 - Histories》 | Related resources |
《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《表》 | Library Resources |
《漢興以來諸侯王年表》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 漢興以來... : | 太史公曰：殷以前尚矣。周封五等：公，侯，伯，子，男。然封伯禽、康叔於魯、衛，地各四百里，親親之義，褒有德也；太公於齊，兼五侯地，尊勤勞也。武王、成、康所封數百，而同姓五十五，地上不過百里，下三十里，以輔衛王室。管、蔡、康叔、曹、鄭，或過或損。厲、幽之後，王室缺，侯伯彊國興焉，天子微，弗能正。非德不純，形勢弱也。 |
| Total 19 paragraphs. Page 1 of 2. Jump to page 1 2 |
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