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《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《論語 - The Analects》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 480 BC-350 BC English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《論語》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《為政 - Wei Zheng》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《為政》 Library Resources |
| 22 | 為政: | 子曰：「人而無信，不知其可也。大車無輗，小車無軏，其何以行之哉？」 |
| Wei Zheng: | The Master said, "I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the crossbar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?" |
《公冶長 - Gong Ye Chang》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Library Resources |
| 3 | 公冶長: | 子謂子賤，「君子哉若人！魯無君子者，斯焉取斯？」 |
| Gong Ye Chang: | The Master said of Zi Jian, "Of superior virtue indeed is such a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have acquired this character?" |
《孟子 - Mengzi》 | [Warring States] 340 BC-250 BC English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《孟子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《梁惠王上 - Liang Hui Wang I》 | Library Resources |
| 3 | 梁惠王上: | 梁惠王曰：「寡人之於國也，盡心焉耳矣。河內凶，則移其民於河東，移其粟於河內。河東凶亦然。察鄰國之政，無如寡人之用心者。鄰國之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也？」 |
| Liang Hui Wang I: | King Hui of Liang said, 'Small as my virtue is, in the government of my kingdom, I do indeed exert my mind to the utmost. If the year be bad on the inside of the river, I remove as many of the people as I can to the east of the river, and convey grain to the country in the inside. When the year is bad on the east of the river, I act on the same plan. On examining the government of the neighboring kingdoms, I do not find that there is any prince who exerts his mind as I do. And yet the people of the neighboring kingdoms do not decrease, nor do my people increase. How is this?' | |
| 孟子對曰：「王好戰，請以戰喻。填然鼓之，兵刃既接，棄甲曳兵而走。或百步而後止，或五十步而後止。以五十步笑百步，則何如？」 | ||
| Mencius replied, 'Your majesty is fond of war - let me take an illustration from war. The soldiers move forward to the sound of the drums; and after their weapons have been crossed, on one side they throw away their coats of mail, trail their arms behind them, and run. Some run a hundred paces and stop; some run fifty paces and stop. What would you think if those who run fifty paces were to laugh at those who run a hundred paces?' | ||
| 曰：「不可，直不百步耳，是亦走也。」 | ||
| The king said, 'They should not do so. Though they did not run a hundred paces, yet they also ran away.' | ||
| 曰：「王如知此，則無望民之多於鄰國也。不違農時，穀不可勝食也；數罟不入洿池，魚鼈不可勝食也；斧斤以時入山林，材木不可勝用也。穀與魚鼈不可勝食，材木不可勝用，是使民養生喪死無憾也。養生喪死無憾，王道之始也。五畝之宅，樹之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣；雞豚狗彘之畜，無失其時，七十者可以食肉矣；百畝之田，勿奪其時，數口之家可以無飢矣；謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者不負戴於道路矣。七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不飢不寒，然而不王者，未之有也。 | ||
| 'Since your Majesty knows this,' replied Mencius, 'you need not hope that your people will become more numerous than those of the neighboring kingdoms. If the seasons of husbandry be not interfered with, the grain will be more than can be eaten. If close nets are not allowed to enter the pools and ponds, the fishes and turtles will be more than can be consumed. If the axes and bills enter the hills and forests only at the proper time, the wood will be more than can be used. When the grain and fish and turtles are more than can be eaten, and there is more wood than can be used, this enables the people to nourish their living and mourn for their dead, without any feeling against any. This condition, in which the people nourish their living and bury their dead without any feeling against any, is the first step of royal government. Let mulberry trees be planted about the homesteads with their five mu, and persons of fifty years may be clothed with silk. In keeping fowls, pigs, dogs, and swine, let not their times of breeding be neglected, and persons of seventy years may eat flesh. Let there not be taken away the time that is proper for the cultivation of the farm with its hundred mu, and the family of several mouths that is supported by it shall not suffer from hunger. Let careful attention be paid to education in schools, inculcating in it especially the filial and fraternal duties, and grey-haired men will not be seen upon the roads, carrying burdens on their backs or on their heads. It never has been that the ruler of a State, where such results were seen - persons of seventy wearing silk and eating flesh, and the black-haired people suffering neither from hunger nor cold - did not attain to the royal dignity.' | ||
| 狗彘食人食而不知檢，塗有餓莩而不知發；人死，則曰：『非我也，歲也。』是何異於刺人而殺之，曰：『非我也，兵也。』王無罪歲，斯天下之民至焉。」 | ||
| 'Your dogs and swine eat the food of men, and you do not make any restrictive arrangements. There are people dying from famine on the roads, and you do not issue the stores of your granaries for them. When people die, you say, "It is not owing to me; it is owing to the year." In what does this differ from stabbing a man and killing him, and then saying - "It was not I; it was the weapon?" Let your Majesty cease to lay the blame on the year, and instantly from all the nation the people will come to you.' |
《離婁上 - Li Lou I》 | Library Resources |
| 26 | 離婁上: | 孟子曰：「不孝有三，無後為大。舜不告而娶，為無後也，君子以為猶告也。」 |
| Li Lou I: | Mencius said, 'There are three things which are unfilial, and to have no posterity is the greatest of them. Shun married without informing his parents because of this, lest he should have no posterity. Superior men consider that his doing so was the same as if he had informed them.' |
《盡心下 - Jin Xin II》 | Books referencing 《盡心下》 Library Resources |
| 49 | 盡心下: | 孟子曰：「盡信《書》，則不如無《書》。吾於《武成》，取二三策而已矣。仁人無敵於天下。以至仁伐至不仁，而何其血之流杵也？」 |
| Jin Xin II: | Mencius said, 'It would be better to be without the Book of History than to give entire credit to it. In the "Completion of the War," I select two or three passages only, which I believe. "The benevolent man has no enemy under heaven. When the prince the most benevolent was engaged against him who was the most the opposite, how could the blood of the people have flowed till it floated the pestles of the mortars?"' |
《禮記 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《禮記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《玉藻 - Yu Zao》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《玉藻》 Library Resources |
| 3 | 玉藻: | 君無故不殺牛，大夫無故不殺羊，士無故不殺犬、豕。君子遠庖廚，凡有血氣之類，弗身踐也。 |
| Yu Zao: | Without some cause for it, a ruler did not kill an ox, nor a Great officer a sheep, nor a lower officer a pig or a dog. A superior man had his shambles and kitchen at a distance (from the) house; he did not tread wherever there was such a thing as blood or (tainted) air. |
《樂記 - Yue Ji》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《樂記》 Library Resources |
| 24 | 樂記: | 天地之道，寒暑不時則疾，風雨不節則饑。教者，民之寒暑也；教不時則傷世。事者民之風雨也；事不節則無功。然則先王之為樂也。以法治也，善則行象德矣。 |
| Yue Ji: | In the interaction of heaven and earth, if cold and heat do not come at the proper seasons, illnesses arise (among the people); if wind and rain do not come in their due proportions, famine ensues. The instructions (of their superiors) are the people's cold and heat; if they are not what the time requires, an injury is done to society. The affairs (of their superiors) are the people's wind and rain; if they are not properly regulated, they have no success. In accordance with this, the object of the ancient kings in their practice of music was to bring their government into harmony with those laws (of heaven and earth). If it was good, then the conduct (of the people) was like the virtue (of their superiors). |
《荀子 - Xunzi》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《荀子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《非相》 | Books referencing 《非相》 Library Resources |
| 11 | 非相: | 君子必辯。凡人莫不好言其所善，而君子為甚焉。是以小人辯言險，而君子辯言仁也。言而非仁之中也，則其言不若其默也，其辯不若其吶也。言而仁之中也，則好言者上矣，不好言者下也。故仁言大矣：起於上所以道於下，政令是也；起於下所以忠於上，謀救是也。故君子之行仁也無厭、志好之、行安之，樂言之；故言君子必辯。小辯不如見端，見端不如見本分。小辯而察，見端而明，本分而理；聖人士君子之分具矣。有小人之辯者，有士君子之辯者，有聖人之辯者：不先慮，不早謀，發之而當，成文而類，居錯遷徙，應變不窮，是聖人之辯者也。先慮之，早謀之，斯須之言而足聽，文而致實，博而黨正，是士君子之辯者也。聽其言則辭辯而無統，用其身則多詐而無功，上不足以順明王，下不足以和齊百姓，然而口舌之均，應唯則節，足以為奇偉偃卻之屬，夫是之謂姦人之雄。聖王起，所以先誅也，然後盜賊次之。盜賊得變，此不得變也。 |
《王制》 | Books referencing 《王制》 Library Resources |
| 15 | 王制: | 王者之論：無德不貴，無能不官，無功不賞，無罪不罰。朝無幸位，民無幸生。尚賢使能，而等位不遺；析愿禁悍，而刑罰不過。百姓曉然皆知夫為善於家，而取賞於朝也；為不善於幽，而蒙刑於顯也。夫是之謂定論。是王者之論也。 |
《富國》 | Books referencing 《富國》 Library Resources |
| 11 | 富國: | 故先王聖人為之不然：知夫為人主上者，不美不飾之不足以一民也，不富不厚之不足以管下也，不威不強之不足以禁暴勝悍也，故必將撞大鐘，擊鳴鼓，吹笙竽，彈琴瑟，以塞其耳；必將錭琢刻鏤，黼黻文章，以塞其目；必將芻豢稻粱，五味芬芳，以塞其口。然後眾人徒，備官職，漸慶賞，嚴刑罰，以戒其心。使天下生民之屬，皆知己之所願欲之舉在是于也，故其賞行；皆知己之所畏恐之舉在是于也，故其罰威。賞行罰威，則賢者可得而進也，不肖者可得而退也，能不能可得而官也。若是則萬物得其宜，事變得應，上得天時，下得地利，中得人和，則財貨渾渾如泉源，汸汸如河海，暴暴如丘山，不時焚燒，無所臧之。夫天下何患乎不足也？故儒術誠行，則天下大而富，使而功，撞鐘擊鼓而和。《詩》曰：「鐘鼓喤喤，管磬瑲瑲，降福穰穰，降福簡簡，威儀反反。既醉既飽，福祿來反。」此之謂也。故墨術誠行，則天下尚儉而彌貧，非鬥而日爭，勞苦頓萃，而愈無功，愀然憂戚非樂，而日不和。《詩》曰：「天方薦瘥，喪亂弘多，民言無嘉，憯莫懲嗟。」此之謂也。 |
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