| | 梁惠王下: |
齊人伐燕，勝之。宣王問曰：「或謂寡人勿取，或謂寡人取之。以萬乘之國伐萬乘之國，五旬而舉之，人力不至於此。不取，必有天殃。取之，何如？」 |
| Liang Hui Wang II: |
The people of Qi attacked Yan, and conquered it. The king Xuan asked, saying, 'Some tell me not to take possession of it for myself, and some tell me to take possession of it. For a kingdom of ten thousand chariots, attacking another of ten thousand chariots, to complete the conquest of it in fifty days, is an achievement beyond mere human strength. If I do not take possession of it, calamities from Heaven will surely come upon me. What do you say to my taking possession of it?' |
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孟子對曰：「取之而燕民悅，則取之。古之人有行之者，武王是也。取之而燕民不悅，則勿取。古之人有行之者，文王是也。以萬乘之國伐萬乘之國，簞食壺漿，以迎王師。豈有他哉？避水火也。如水益深，如火益熱，亦運而已矣。」 |
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Mencius replied, 'If the people of Yan will be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do so. Among the ancients there was one who acted on this principle, namely king Wu. If the people of Yan will not be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do not do so. Among the ancients there was one who acted on this principle, namely king Wen. When, with all the strength of your country of ten thousand chariots, you attacked another country of ten thousand chariots, and the people brought baskets of rice and vessels of congee, to meet your Majesty's host, was there any other reason for this but that they hoped to escape out of fire and water? If you make the water more deep and the fire more fierce, they will in like manner make another revolution.' |
| | 梁惠王下: |
齊人伐燕，取之。諸侯將謀救燕。宣王曰：「諸侯多謀伐寡人者，何以待之？」 |
| Liang Hui Wang II: |
The people of Qi, having smitten Yan, took possession of it, and upon this, the princes of the various States deliberated together, and resolved to deliver Yan from their power. The king Xuan said to Mencius, 'The princes have formed many plans to attack me - how shall I prepare myself for them?' |
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孟子對曰：「臣聞七十里為政於天下者，湯是也。未聞以千里畏人者也。《》曰：『湯一征，自葛始。』天下信之。『東面而征，西夷怨；南面而征，北狄怨。曰，奚為後我？』民望之，若大旱之望雲霓也。歸市者不止，耕者不變。誅其君而弔其民，若時雨降，民大悅。《》曰：『徯我后，后來其蘇。』 |
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Mencius replied, 'I have heard of one who with seventy li exercised all the functions of government throughout the kingdom. That was Tang. I have never heard of a prince with a thousand li standing in fear of others. It is said in the Book of History, As soon as Tang began his work of executing justice, he commenced with Ge. The whole kingdom had confidence in him. When he pursued his work in the east, the rude tribes on the west murmured. So did those on the north, when he was engaged in the south. Their cry was "Why does he put us last?" Thus, the people looked to him, as we look in a time of great drought to the clouds and rainbows. The frequenters of the markets stopped not. The husbandmen made no change in their operations. While he punished their rulers, he consoled the people. His progress was like the falling of opportune rain, and the people were delighted. It is said again in the Book of History, "We have waited for our prince long; the prince's coming will be our reviving!" |
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「今燕虐其民，王往而征之。民以為將拯己於水火之中也，簞食壺漿，以迎王師。若殺其父兄，係累其子弟，毀其宗廟，遷其重器，如之何其可也？天下固畏齊之彊也。今又倍地而不行仁政，是動天下之兵也。王速出令，反其旄倪，止其重器，謀於燕眾，置君而後去之，則猶可及止也。」 |
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'Now the ruler of Yan was tyrannizing over his people, and your Majesty went and punished him. The people supposed that you were going to deliver them out of the water and the fire, and brought baskets of rice and vessels of congee, to meet your Majesty's host. But you have slain their fathers and elder brothers, and put their sons and younger brothers in confinement. You have pulled down the ancestral temple of the State, and are removing to Qi its precious vessels. How can such a course be deemed proper? The rest of the kingdom is indeed jealously afraid of the strength of Qi; and now, when with a doubled territory you do not put in practice a benevolent government - it is this which sets the arms of the kingdom in in motion. If your Majesty will make haste to issue an ordinance, restoring your captives, old and young, stopping the removal of the precious vessels, and saying that, after consulting with the people of Yen, you will appoint them a ruler, and withdraw from the country - in this way you may still be able to stop the threatened attack.' |
| | 僖公二十... : |
二十八年，春，晉侯將伐曹，假道于衛，衛人弗許，還自河南濟，侵曹，伐衛，正月，戊申，取五鹿，二月，晉郤縠卒，原蹫將中軍，胥臣佐下軍，上德也，晉侯，齊侯，盟于斂盂，衛侯請盟，晉人弗許，衛侯欲與楚，國人不欲，故出其君，以說于晉，衛侯出居于襄牛。 |
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公子買戍衛，楚人救衛，不克，公懼於晉，殺子叢以說焉，謂楚人曰，不卒戍也。 |
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晉侯圍曹，門焉多死，曹人尸諸城上，晉侯患之，聽輿人之謀曰，稱舍於墓，師遷焉，曹人兇懼，為其所得者，棺而出之，因其兇也而攻之，三月，丙午，入曹，數之以其不用僖負羈，而乘軒者三百人也，且曰，獻狀，令無入僖負羈之宮，而免其族，報施也，魏犨，顛頡，怒曰，勞之不圖，報於何有，爇僖負羈氏氏，魏犨傷於胸，公欲殺之，而愛其材，使問，且視之病，將殺之，魏犨束胸，見使者曰，以君之靈，不有寧也，距躍三百，曲踊三百，乃舍之，殺顛頡以徇于師，立舟之僑以為戎右，宋人使門尹般如晉師告急，公曰，宋人告急，舍之則絕，告楚不許，我欲戰矣，齊秦未可，若之何，先軫曰，使宋舍我而賂齊秦，藉之告楚，我執曹君，而分曹衛之田，以賜宋人，楚愛曹衛，必不許也，喜賂怒頑，能無戰乎，公說，執曹伯，分曹衛之田，以畀宋人，楚人入居于申，使申叔去穀，使子玉去宋，曰，無從晉師，晉侯在外，十九年矣，而果得晉國，險阻艱難，備嘗之矣，民之情偽，盡知之矣，天假之年，而除其害，天之所置，其可廢乎，軍志曰，允當則歸，又曰，知難而退，又曰，有德不可敵，此三志者，晉之謂矣，子玉使伯棼請戰，曰，非敢必有功也，願以間執讒慝之口，王怒，少與之師，唯西廣東宮，與若敖之六卒，實從之，子玉使宛春告於晉師，曰，請復衛侯，而封曹，臣亦釋宋之圍。子犯曰：子玉無禮哉，君取一，臣取二，不可失矣。先軫曰，子與之，定人之謂禮，楚一言而定三國，我一言而亡之，我則無禮，何以戰乎，不許楚言，是棄宋也，救而棄之，謂諸侯何，楚有三施，我有三怨，怨讎已多，將何以戰，不如私許復曹衛以攜之，執宛春以怒楚，既戰而後圖之，公說，乃拘宛春於衛，且私許復曹衛，曹衛告絕於楚，子玉怒，從晉師，晉師退，軍吏曰，以君辟臣，辱也，且楚師老矣，何故退，子犯曰，師直為壯，曲為老，豈在久乎，微楚之惠不及此，退三舍辟之，所以報也，背惠食言，以亢其讎，我曲楚直，其眾素飽，不可謂老，我退而楚還，我將何求，若其不還，君退臣犯，曲在彼矣，退三舍，楚眾欲止，子玉不可，夏，四月，戊辰，晉侯，宋公，齊國歸父，崔夭，秦小子憖，次于城濮，楚師背酅而舍，晉侯患之，聽輿人之誦，曰，原田每每，舍其舊而新是謀，公疑焉，子犯曰，戰也，戰而捷，必得諸侯，若其不捷，表裡山河，必無害也，公曰，若楚惠何，欒貞子曰，漢陽諸姬，楚實盡之，思小惠而忘大恥，不如戰也，晉侯夢與楚子搏，楚子伏己而盬其腦，是以懼，子犯曰，吉，我得天，楚伏其罪，吾且柔之矣，子玉使鬥勃請戰，曰，請與君之士戲，君馮軾而觀之，得臣與寓目焉晉侯使欒枝對曰，寡君聞命矣，楚君之惠，未之敢忘，是以在此，為大夫退，其敢當君乎，既不獲命矣，敢煩大夫，謂二三子。戒爾車乘，敬爾君事，詰朝將見。晉車七百乘，韅靷鞅靽，晉侯登有莘之虛以觀師，曰，少長有禮，其可用也，遂伐其木，以益其兵，己巳，晉師陳于莘北，胥臣以下軍之佐，當陳蔡，子玉以若敖之六卒，將中軍，曰，今日必無晉矣，子西將左，子上將右，胥臣蒙馬以虎皮，先犯陳蔡，陳蔡奔，楚右師潰，狐毛設二旆而退之，欒枝使輿曳柴而偽遁，楚師馳之，原軫，郤溱，以中軍公族橫擊之，狐毛，狐偃，以上軍夾攻子西，楚左師潰，楚師敗績，子玉收其卒而止，故不敗，晉師三日館穀，及癸酉而還，甲午，至于衡雍，作王宮于踐土，鄉役之三月，鄭伯如楚，致其師，為楚師既敗而懼，使子人九行成于晉，晉欒枝入盟鄭伯，五月，丙午，晉侯及鄭伯盟于衡雍，丁未，獻楚俘于王，駟介百乘，徒兵千，鄭伯傅王，用平禮也，已酉，王享醴，命晉侯宥，王命尹氏，及王子虎，內史叔興父策命晉侯為侯伯，賜之大輅之服，戎輅之服，彤弓一，彤矢百，玈弓矢千，秬鬯一卣，虎賁三百人，曰，王謂叔父，敬服王命，以綏四國，糾逖王慝，晉侯三辭，從命，曰，重耳敢再拜稽首，奉揚天子之丕顯休命，受策以出，出入三覲。 |
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衛侯聞楚師敗，懼，出奔楚，遂適陳，使元咺奉叔武以受盟，癸亥，王子虎盟諸侯于王庭，要言曰，皆獎王室，無相害也，有渝此盟，明神殛之，俾隊其師，無克祚國，及其玄孫，無有老幼，君子謂是盟也信，謂晉於是役也，能以德攻，初，楚子玉自為瓊弁玉纓，未之服也，先戰，夢河神謂己曰，畀余，余賜女孟諸之麋，弗致也，大心與子西，使榮黃諫，弗聽，榮季曰，死而利國，猶或為之，況瓊玉乎，是糞土也，而可以濟師，將何愛焉，弗聽，出告二子曰，非神敗令尹，令尹其不勤民，實自敗也，既敗，王使謂之曰，大夫若入，其若申息之老何，子西，孫伯，曰，得臣將死，二臣止之曰，君其將以為戮，及連穀而死，晉侯聞之，而後喜可知也，曰，莫余毒也已，蒍呂臣實為令尹，奉己而已，不在民矣。 |
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或訴元咺於衛侯曰，立叔武矣，其子角從公，公使殺之，咺不廢命，奉夷叔以入守，六月，晉人復衛侯，甯武子與衛人盟于宛濮，曰，天禍衛國，君臣不協，以及此憂也，今天誘其衷，使皆降心以相從也，不有居者，誰守社稷，不有行者，誰扞牧圉，不協之故，用昭乞盟于爾大神，以誘天衷，自今日以往，既盟之後，行者無保其力，居者無懼其罪，有渝此盟，以相及也，明神先君，是糾是殛，國人聞此盟也，而後不貳，衛侯先期入，甯子先，長牂守門，以為使也，與之乘而入，公子歂犬，華仲，前驅，叔孫將沐，聞君至，喜，捉髮走出，前驅射而殺之，公知其無罪也，枕之股而哭之，歂犬走出，公使殺之，元咺出奔晉。 |
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城濮之戰，晉中軍風于澤，亡大旆之左旃，祁瞞奸命，司馬殺之，以徇于諸侯，使茅茷代之，師還，壬午，濟河，舟之僑先歸，士會攝右，秋，七月，丙申，振旅愷以入于晉，獻俘授馘，飲至大賞，徵會討貳，殺舟之僑以徇于國，民於是大服。君子謂文公其能刑矣。三罪而民服，《》云：「」不失賞刑之謂也。 |
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冬，會于溫，討不服也，衛侯與元咺訟，甯武子為輔，鍼莊子為坐，士榮為大士，衛侯不勝，殺士榮，刖鍼莊子，謂甯俞忠而免之，執衛侯，歸之于京師，寘諸深室，甯子職納橐饘焉，元咺歸于衛，立公子瑕。 |
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是會也，晉侯召王，以諸侯見，且使王狩，仲尼曰，以臣召君，不可以訓，故書曰，天王狩于河陽，言非其地，也且明德也，壬申，公朝于王所，丁丑，諸侯圍許，晉侯有疾，曹伯之豎侯，獳貨筮史，使曰，以曹為解，齊桓公為會而封異姓，今君為會，而滅同姓，曹叔振鐸，文之昭也，先君唐叔，武之穆也，且合諸侯而滅兄弟，非禮也，與衛偕命，而不與偕復，非信也，同罪異罰，非刑也，禮以行義，信以守禮，刑以正邪，舍此三者，君將若之何，公說，復曹伯，遂會諸侯于許，晉侯作三行以禦狄，荀林父將中行，屠擊將右行，先篾將左行。 |
