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| Condition 1: References "無為而無不為也" Matched:18. |
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《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《道家 - Daoism》 | Related resources |
《莊子 - Zhuangzi》 | [Warring States] 350 BC-250 BC English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《莊子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《外篇 - Outer Chapters》 | Library Resources |
《知北遊 - Knowledge Rambling in the North》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《知北遊》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 知北遊: | 知北遊於玄水之上，登隱弅之丘，而適遭無為謂焉。知謂無為謂曰：「予欲有問乎若：何思何慮則知道？何處何服則安道？何從何道則得道？」三問而無為謂不答也，非不答，不知答也。知不得問，反於白水之南，登狐闋之丘，而睹狂屈焉。知以之言也問乎狂屈。狂屈曰：「唉！予知之，將語若，中欲言而忘其所欲言。」知不得問，反於帝宮，見黃帝而問焉。黃帝曰：「無思無慮始知道，無處無服始安道，無從無道始得道。」 |
| Knowledge Rambling in the...: |
Knowledge had rambled northwards to the region of the Dark Water, where he ascended the height of Imperceptible Slope, when it happened that he met with Dumb Inaction. Knowledge addressed him, saying, 'I wish to ask you some questions: By what process of thought and anxious consideration do we get to know the Dao? Where should we dwell and what should we do to find our rest in the Dao? From what point should we start and what path should we pursue to make the Dao our own?' He asked these three questions, but Dumb Inaction gave him no reply. Not only did he not answer, but he did not know how to answer. Knowledge, disappointed by the fruitlessness of his questions, returned to the south of the Bright Water, and ascended the height of the End of Doubt, where he saw Heedless Blurter, to whom he put the same questions, and who replied, 'Ah! I know, and will tell you.' But while he was about to speak, he forgot what he wanted to say. Knowledge, (again) receiving no answer to his questions, returned to the palace of the Di, where he saw Huang-Di, and put the questions to him. Huang-Di said, 'To exercise no thought and no anxious consideration is the first step towards knowing the Dao; to dwell nowhere and do nothing is the first step towards resting in the Dao; to start from nowhere and pursue no path is the first step towards making the Dao your own.' | |
| 知問黃帝曰：「我與若知之，彼與彼不知也，其孰是邪？」黃帝曰：「彼無為謂真是也，狂屈似之，我與汝終不近也。夫知者不言，言者不知，故聖人行不言之教。道不可致，德不可至。仁可為也，義可虧也，禮相偽也。故曰：『失道而後德，失德而後仁，失仁而後義，失義而後禮。禮者，道之華而亂之首也。』故曰：『為道者日損，損之又損之，以至於無為，無為而無不為也。』今已為物也，欲復歸根，不亦難乎！其易也，其唯大人乎！生也死之徒，死也生之始，孰知其紀！人之生，氣之聚也，聚則為生，散則為死。若死生為徒，吾又何患！故萬物一也，是其所美者為神奇，其所惡者為臭腐；臭腐復化為神奇，神奇復化為臭腐。故曰：『通天下一氣耳。』聖人故貴一。」 | ||
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Knowledge then asked Huang-Di, saying, 'I and you know this; those two did not know it; which of us is right?' The reply was, 'Dumb Inaction is truly right; Heedless Blurter has an appearance of being so; I and you are not near being so. (As it is said), "Those who know (the Dao) do not speak of it; those who speak of it do not know it;" and "Hence the sage conveys his instructions without the use of speech." The Dao cannot be made ours by constraint; its characteristics will not come to us (at our call). Benevolence may be practised; Righteousness may be partially attended to; by Ceremonies men impose on one another. Hence it is said, "When the Dao was lost, its Characteristics appeared. When its Characteristics were lost, Benevolence appeared. When Benevolence was lost, Righteousness appeared. When Righteousness was lost, Ceremonies appeared. Ceremonies are but (the unsubstantial) flowers of the Dao, and the commencement of disorder." Hence (also it is further said), "He who practises the Dao, daily diminishes his doing. He diminishes it and again diminishes it, till he arrives at doing nothing. Having arrived at this non-inaction, there is nothing that he does not do." Here now there is something, a regularly fashioned utensil - if you wanted to make it return to the original condition of its materials, would it not be difficult to make it do so? Could any but the Great Man accomplish this easily? 'Life is the follower of death, and death is the predecessor of life; but who knows the Arranger (of this connexion between them)? The life is due to the collecting of the breath. When that is collected, there is life; when it is dispersed, there is death. Since death and life thus attend on each other, why should I account (either of) them an evil? 'Therefore all things go through one and the same experience. (Life) is accounted beautiful because it is spirit-like and wonderful, and death is accounted ugly because of its foetor and putridity. But the foetid and putrid is transformed again into the spirit-like and wonderful, and the spirit-like and wonderful is transformed again into the foetid and putrid. Hence it is said, "All under the sky there is one breath of life, and therefore the sages prized that unity."' | ||
| 知謂黃帝曰：「吾問無為謂，無為謂不應我，非不我應，不知應我也。吾問狂屈，狂屈中欲告我而不我告，非不我告，中欲告而忘之也。今予問乎若，若知之，奚故不近？」黃帝曰：「彼其真是也，以其不知也；此其似之也，以其忘之也；予與若終不近也，以其知之也。」 | ||
| Knowledge said to Huang-Di, 'I asked Dumb Inaction, and he did not answer me. Not only did he not answer me, but he did not know how to answer me. I asked Heedless Blurter, and while he wanted to tell me, he yet did not do so. Not only did he not tell me, but while he wanted to tell me, he forgot all about my questions. Now I have asked you, and you knew (all about them) - why (do you say that) you are not near doing so?' Huang-Di replied, 'Dumb Inaction was truly right, because he did not know the thing. Heedless Blurter was nearly right, because he forgot it. I and you are not nearly right, because we know it.' | ||
| 狂屈聞之，以黃帝為知言。 | ||
| Heedless Blurter heard of (all this), and considered that Huang-Di knew how to express himself (on the subject). |
《雜篇 - Miscellaneous Chapters》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Library Resources |
《庚桑楚 - Geng-sang Chu》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《庚桑楚》 Library Resources |
| 16 | 庚桑楚: | 徹志之勃，解心之繆，去德之累，達道之塞。富、貴、顯、嚴、名、利六者，勃志也；容、動、色、理、氣、意六者，繆心也；惡、欲、喜、怒、哀、樂六者，累德也；去、就、取、與、知、能六者，塞道也。此四六者不盪胸中則正，正則靜，靜則明，明則虛，虛則無為而無不為也。 |
| Geng-sang Chu: | Repress the impulses of the will; unravel the errors of the mind; put away the entanglements to virtue; and clear away all that obstructs the free course of the Dao. Honours and riches, distinctions and austerity, fame and profit; these six things produce the impulses of the will. Personal appearance and deportment, the desire of beauty and subtle reasonings, excitement of the breath and cherished thoughts; these six things produce errors of the mind. Hatred and longings, joy and anger, grief and delight; these six things are the entanglements to virtue. Refusals and approachments, receiving and giving, knowledge and ability; these six things obstruct the course of the Dao. When these four conditions, with the six causes of each, do not agitate the breast, the mind is correct. Being correct, it is still; being still, it is pellucid; being pellucid, it is free from pre-occupation; being free from pre-occupation, it is in the state of inaction, in which it accomplishes everything. |
《則陽 - Ze-yang》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《則陽》 Library Resources |
| 10 | 則陽: | 少知問於大公調曰：「何謂丘里之言？」大公調曰：「丘里者，合十姓百名而以為風俗也。合異以為同，散同以為異。今指馬之百體而不得馬，而馬係於前者，立其百體而謂之馬也。是故丘山積卑而為高，江河合水而為大，大人合并而為公。是以自外入者，有主而不執；由中出者，有正而不距。四時殊氣，天不賜，故歲成；五官殊職，君不私，故國治；文武大人不賜，故德備；萬物殊理，道不私，故無名。無名故無為，無為而無不為。時有終始，世有變化，禍福淳淳，至有所拂者而有所宜；自殉殊面，有所正者有所差。比於大澤，百材皆度；觀於大山，木石同壇。此之謂丘里之言。」 |
| Ze-yang: | Shao Zhi asked Da-gong Diao, saying, 'What do we mean by "The Talk of the Hamlets and Villages?"' The reply was, 'Hamlets and Villages are formed by the union - say of ten surnames and a hundred names, and are considered to be (the source of) manners and customs. The differences between them are united to form their common character, and what is common to them is separately apportioned to form the differences. If you point to the various parts which make up the body of a horse, you do not have the horse; but when the horse is before you, and all its various parts stand forth (as forming the animal), you speak of "the horse." So it is that the mounds and hills are made to be the elevations that they are by accumulations of earth which individually are but low. (So also rivers like) the Jiang and the He obtain their greatness by the union of (other smaller) waters with them. And (in the same way) the Great man exhibits the common sentiment of humanity by the union in himself of all its individualities. Hence when ideas come to him from without, though he has his own decided view, he does not hold it with bigotry; and when he gives out his own decisions, which are correct, the views of others do not oppose them. The four seasons have their different elemental characters, but they are not the partial gifts of Heaven, and so the year completes its course. The five official departments have their different duties, but the ruler does not partially employ any one of them, and so the kingdom is governed. (The gifts of) peace and war (are different), but the Great man does not employ the one to the prejudice of the other, and so the character (of his administration) is perfect. All things have their different constitutions and modes of actions, but the Dao (which directs them) is free from all partiality, and therefore it has no name. Having no name, it therefore does nothing. Doing nothing, there is nothing which it does not do. Each season has its ending and beginning; each age has its changes and transformations; misery and happiness regularly alternate. Here our views are thwarted, and yet the result may afterwards have our approval; there we insist on our own views, and looking at things differently from others, try to correct them, while we are in error ourselves. The case may be compared to that of a great marsh, in which all its various vegetation finds a place, or we may look at it as a great hill, where trees and rocks are found on the same terrace. Such may be a description of what is intended by "The Talk of the Hamlets and Villages."' | |
| 少知曰：「然則謂之道，足乎？」大公調曰：「不然。今計物之數，不止於萬，而期曰『萬物』者，以數之多者號而讀之也。是故天地者，形之大者也；陰陽者，氣之大者也；道者為之公。因其大而號以讀之，則可也。已有之矣，乃將得比哉！則若以斯辯，譬猶狗馬，其不及遠矣。」 | ||
| Shao Zhi said, 'Well, is it sufficient to call it (an expression of) the Dao?' Da-gong Diao said, 'It is not so. If we reckon up the number of things, they are not 10,000 merely. When we speak of them as "the Myriad Things," we simply use that large number by way of accommodation to denominate them. In this way Heaven and Earth are the greatest of all things that have form; the Yin and Yang are the greatest of all elemental forces. But the Dao is common to them. Because of their greatness to use the Dao or (Course) as a title and call it "the Great Dao" is allowable. But what comparison can be drawn between it and "the Talk of the Hamlets and Villages?" To argue from this that it is a sufficient expression of the Dao, is like calling a dog and a horse by the same name, while the difference between them is so great.' |
《道德經 - Dao De Jing》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《道德經》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
| 37 | 道德經: | 道常無為而無不為。侯王若能守之，萬物將自化。化而欲作，吾將鎮之以無名之樸。無名之樸，夫亦將無欲。不欲以靜，天下將自定。 |
| Dao De Jing: |
(The exercise of government) The Dao in its regular course does nothing (for the sake of doing it), and so there is nothing which it does not do. If princes and kings were able to maintain it, all things would of themselves be transformed by them. If this transformation became to me an object of desire, I would express the desire by the nameless simplicity. Simplicity without a name Is free from all external aim. With no desire, at rest and still, All things go right as of their will. | |
| 38 | 道德經: | 上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以無德。上德無為而無以為；下德為之而有以為。上仁為之而無以為；上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之應，則攘臂而扔之。故失道而後德，失德而後仁，失仁而後義，失義而後禮。夫禮者，忠信之薄，而亂之首。前識者，道之華，而愚之始。是以大丈夫處其厚，不居其薄；處其實，不居其華。故去彼取此。 |
| Dao De Jing: |
(About the attributes of the Dao) (Those who) possessed in highest degree the attributes (of the Dao) did not (seek) to show them, and therefore they possessed them (in fullest measure). (Those who) possessed in a lower degree those attributes (sought how) not to lose them, and therefore they did not possess them (in fullest measure). (Those who) possessed in the highest degree those attributes did nothing (with a purpose), and had no need to do anything. (Those who) possessed them in a lower degree were (always) doing, and had need to be so doing. (Those who) possessed the highest benevolence were (always seeking) to carry it out, and had no need to be doing so. (Those who) possessed the highest righteousness were (always seeking) to carry it out, and had need to be so doing. (Those who) possessed the highest (sense of) propriety were (always seeking) to show it, and when men did not respond to it, they bared the arm and marched up to them. Thus it was that when the Dao was lost, its attributes appeared; when its attributes were lost, benevolence appeared; when benevolence was lost, righteousness appeared; and when righteousness was lost, the proprieties appeared. Now propriety is the attenuated form of leal-heartedness and good faith, and is also the commencement of disorder; swift apprehension is (only) a flower of the Dao, and is the beginning of stupidity. Thus it is that the Great man abides by what is solid, and eschews what is flimsy; dwells with the fruit and not with the flower. It is thus that he puts away the one and makes choice of the other. | |
| 48 | 道德經: | 為學日益，為道日損。損之又損，以至於無為。無為而無不為。取天下常以無事，及其有事，不足以取天下。 |
| Dao De Jing: |
(Forgetting knowledge) He who devotes himself to learning (seeks) from day to day to increase (his knowledge); he who devotes himself to the Dao (seeks) from day to day to diminish (his doing). He diminishes it and again diminishes it, till he arrives at doing nothing (on purpose). Having arrived at this point of non-action, there is nothing which he does not do. He who gets as his own all under heaven does so by giving himself no trouble (with that end). If one take trouble (with that end), he is not equal to getting as his own all under heaven. |
《文子 - Wenzi》 | [Eastern Han - Jin] 212-231 | Books referencing 《文子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《道原》 | Books referencing 《道原》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 道原: | 老子曰：大丈夫恬然無思，惔然無慮，以天為蓋，以地為車，以四時為馬，以陰陽為御，行乎無路，遊乎無怠，出乎無門。以天為蓋則無所不覆也，以地為車則無所不載也，四時為馬則無所不使也，陰陽御之則無所不備也。是故疾而不搖，遠而不勞，四支不動，聰明不損，而照明天下者，執道之要，觀無窮之地。故天下之事不可為也，因其自然而推之，萬物之變不可救也，秉其要而歸之。是以聖人內修其本，而不外飾其末，厲其精神，偃其知見故漠然無為而無不為也，無治而無不治也。所謂無為者，不先物為也；無治者，不易自然也；無不治者，因物之相然也。 |
《九守》 | Library Resources |
《道德》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 道德: | 文子問道。老子曰：學問不精，聽道不深。凡聽者，將以達智也，將以成行也，將以致功名也，不精不明，不深不達。故上學以神聽，中學以心聽，下學以耳聽，以耳聽者，學在皮膚，以心聽者，學在肌肉，以神聽者，學在骨髓。故聽之不深，即知之不明，知之不明，即不能盡其精，不能盡其精，即行之不成。凡聽之理，虛心清靜，損氣無盛，無思無慮，目無妄視，耳無苟聽，尊精積稽，內意盈并，既以得之，必固守之，必長久之。夫道者，原產有始，始於柔弱，成於剛強，始於短寡，成於眾長，十圍之木始於把，百仞之臺始於下，此天之道也。聖人法之，卑者所以自下，退者所以自後，儉者所以自小，損之所以自少，卑則尊，退則先，儉則廣，損則大，此天道所成也。夫道者，德之元，大之根，福之門，萬物待之而生，待之而成，待之而寧。夫道，無為無形，內以脩身，外以治人，功成事立，與天為鄰，無為而無不為，莫知其情，莫知其真，其中有信。天子有道則天下服，長有社稷，公侯有道則人民和睦，不失其國，士庶有道則全其身，保其親，強大有道，不戰而克，小弱有道，不爭而得，舉事有道，功成得福，君臣有道則忠惠，父子有道則慈孝，士庶有道則相愛，故有道則知，無道則苛。由是觀之，道之於人，無所不宜也。夫道者，小行之小得福，大行之大得福，盡行之天下服，服則懷之，故帝者，天下之適也，王者，天下之往也，天下不適不往，不可謂帝王。故帝王不得人不能成，得人失道亦不能守。夫失道者，奢泰驕佚，慢倨矜傲，見餘自顯自明，執雄堅強，作難結怨，為兵主，為亂首，小人行之，身受大殃，大人行之，國家滅亡，淺及其身，深及子孫，夫罪莫大於無道，怨莫深於無德，天道然也。 |
《上仁》 | Books referencing 《上仁》 Library Resources |
| 15 | 上仁: | 老子曰：為仁者，必以哀樂論之，為義者，必以取與明之，四海之內，哀樂不能遍，竭府庫之財貨，不足以贍萬民，故知不如脩道而行德，因天地之性，萬物自正而天下贍，仁義因附，「是以大丈夫居其厚，不居其薄。」夫禮者，實之文也，仁者，恩之效也，故禮因人情而制，不過其實，仁不溢恩，悲哀抱於情，送死稱於仁。夫養生不強人所不能及，不絕人所不能已，度量不失其適，非譽無由生矣，故制樂足以合歡，喜不出於和，明於死生之分，通於侈儉之適也。末世即不然，言與行相悖，情與貌相反，禮飾以煩，樂擾以淫，風俗溺於世，非譽華於朝，故至人廢而不用也。與驥逐走，即人不勝驥，託於車上，即驥不勝人，故善用道者，乘人之資以立功，以其所能，託其所不能。主興之以時，民報之以財，主遇之以禮，民報之以死，故有危國無安君，有憂主無樂臣。德過其位者尊，祿過其德者凶，德貴無高，義取無多，不以德貴竊位，不以義取盜財。聖人安貧樂道，不以欲傷生，不以利累己，故不違義而取安。古者無德不尊，無能不官，無功不賞，無罪不誅，其進人也以禮，其退人也以義，小人之世，其進人也若上之天，其退人也若內之淵，言古者以疾今也。相馬失之瘦，選士失之貧，豚肥充廚，骨骴不官。君子察實，無信讒言，君過而不諫，非忠臣也，諫而不聽，君不明也，民沉溺而不憂，非賢言也，故守節死難，人臣之職也，衣寒食飢，慈父之恩也。以大事小謂之變人，以小犯大謂之逆天，前雖祭天，後必入淵，故鄉里以齒，老窮不遺，朝廷以爵，尊卑有差。夫崇貴者，為其近君也，尊老者，謂其近親也，敬長者，謂其近兄也。生而貴者驕，生而富者奢，故富貴不以明道自鑑，而能無為非者寡矣。學而不厭，所以治身也，教而不倦，所以治民也，賢師良友，舍而為非者寡矣。知賢之謂智，愛賢之謂仁，尊仁之謂義，敬賢之謂禮，樂賢之謂樂。古之善為天下者，無為而無不為也，故為天下有容，能得其容，無為而有功，不得其容，動作必凶。為天下容曰，「與兮其若冬涉大川，猶兮其若畏四鄰，儼兮其若容，渙兮其若冰之液，敦兮其若樸，混兮其若濁，廣兮其若谷」，此為天下容。與兮其若冬涉大川者，不敢行也，猶兮其若畏四鄰者，恐四傷也，儼兮其若容者，謙恭敬也，渙兮其若冰之液者，不敢積藏也，敦兮其若樸者，不敢廉成也，混兮其若濁者，不敢明清也，廣兮其若谷者，不敢盛盈也，不敢行者，退不敢先也，恐自傷者，守柔弱不敢矜也，謙恭敬者，自卑下尊敬人也，不敢積藏者，自損弊不敢堅也，不敢廉成者，自虧缺不敢全也，不敢清明者，處濁辱而不敢新鮮也，不敢盛盈者，見不足而不敢自賢也。夫道，退故能先，守柔弱故能矜，自卑下故能高人，自損弊故實堅，自虧缺故盛全，處濁辱故新鮮，見不足故能賢，道無為而無不為也。 |
《法家 - Legalism》 | Related resources |
《韓非子 - Hanfeizi》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《韓非子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《解老》 | Books referencing 《解老》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 解老: | 所以貴無為無思為虛者，謂其意無所制也。夫無術者，故以無為無思為虛也。夫故以無為無思為虛者，其意常不忘虛，是制於為虛也。虛者，謂其意無所制也。今制於為虛，是不虛也。虛者之無為也，不以無為為有常，不以無為為有常則虛，虛則德盛，德盛之謂上德，故曰：「上德無為而無不為也。」 |
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