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| Condition 1: References "此上不利於天，中不利於鬼" Matched:3. |
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《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷七 - Book 7》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
《天志上 - Will of Heaven I》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 6 | 天志上: |
順天意者，義政也。反天意者，力政也。然義 政1將柰何哉？」子墨子言曰：「處大國不攻小國，處大家不篡小家，強者不劫弱，貴者不傲賤，多詐者不欺愚。此必上利於天，中利於鬼，下利於人，三利無所不利，故舉天下美名加之，謂之聖王，力政者則與此異，言非此，行反此，猶倖馳也。處大國攻小國，處大家篡小家，強者劫弱，貴者傲賤，多詐欺愚。此上不利於天，中不利於鬼，下不利於人。三不利無所利，故舉天下惡名加之，謂之暴王。」 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
To obey the will of Heaven is to accept righteousness as the standard. To oppose the will of Heaven is to accept force as the standard. Now what will the standard of righteousness do? Mozi said: He who rules a large state does not attack small states: he who rules a large house does not molest small houses. The strong does not plunder the weak. The honoured does not demean the humble. The clever does not deceive the stupid. This is beneficial to Heaven above, beneficial to the spirits in the middle sphere, and beneficial to the people below. Being beneficial to these three it is beneficial to all. So the most excellent name is attributed to such a man and he is called sage-king. The standard of force is different from this. It is contradictory to this in word and opposed to this in deed like galloping with back to back. Leading a large state, he whose standard is force attacks small states; leading a large house he molests small houses. The strong plunders the weak. The honoured disdains the humble. The clever deceives the stupid. This is not beneficial to Heaven above, or to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Not being beneficial to these three, it is beneficial to none. So, the most evil name in the world is attributed to him and he is called the wicked king. 1. 政 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《天志中 - Will of Heaven II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 8 | 天志中: |
且吾所以知天之愛民之厚者，不止此而已矣。曰愛人利人，順天之意，得天之賞者有之；憎人 賊人1，反天之意，得天之罰者亦有矣。夫愛人利人，順天之意，得天之賞者誰也？曰若昔三代聖王，堯舜禹湯文武者是也。堯舜禹湯文武焉所從事？曰從事兼，不從事別。兼者，處大國不攻小國， 處2大家不亂小家，強不劫弱，眾不暴寡，詐不謀愚，貴不傲賤。觀其事，上利乎天，中利乎鬼，下利乎人，三利無所不利，是謂天德。聚斂天下之美名而加之焉，曰：此仁也，義也，愛人利人，順天之意，得天之賞者也。不止此而已，書於竹帛，鏤之金石，琢之槃盂，傳遺後世子孫。曰將何以為？將以識夫愛人利人，順天之意，得天之賞者也。皇矣道之曰：『帝謂文王，予懷明德，不大聲以色，不長夏以革，不識不知，順帝之則。』帝善其順法則也，故舉殷以賞之，使貴為天子，富有天下，名譽至今不息。故夫愛人利人，順天之意，得天之賞者，既可得留而已。夫憎人賊人，反天之意，得天之罰者誰也？曰若昔者三代暴王桀紂幽厲者是也。桀紂幽厲焉所從事？曰從事別，不從事兼。別者，處大國則攻小國，處大家則亂小家，強劫弱，眾暴寡，詐謀愚，貴傲賤。觀其事，上不利乎天，中不利乎鬼，下不利乎人，三不利無所利，是謂天賊。聚斂天下之醜名而加之焉，曰此非仁也，非義也。憎人賊人，反天之意，得天之罰者也。不止此而已，又書其事於竹帛，鏤之金石，琢之槃盂，傳遺後世子孫。曰將何以為？將以識夫憎人賊人，反天之意，得天之罰者也。大誓之道之曰：『紂越厥夷居，不肯事上帝，棄厥先神祇不祀，乃曰吾有命，毋廖𠏿務 天下3。天亦縱棄紂而不葆。』察天以縱棄紂而不葆者，反天之意也。故夫憎人賊人，反天之意，得天之罰者，既可得而知也。」 |
| Will of Heaven II: |
This is still not all by which I know Heaven loves man dearly. There are those who love the people and benefit the people and obey the will of Heaven and obtain reward from Heaven. There are also those who hate the people and oppress the people and oppose the will of Heaven and incur punishment from Heaven. Who are those that love the people and benefit the people, obey the will of Heaven and obtain reward from Heaven? They are the ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu. What did Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu do? They engaged themselves in universality and not partiality (in love). Loving universally, they did not attack the small states with their large states, they did not molest the small houses with their large houses. The strong did not plunder the weak, the many did not oppress the few, the clever did not deceive the stupid, the honoured did not disdain the humble. Such a regime was agreeable to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, and to the people below. Being helpful to these three, it was helpful to all. And this was Heavenly virtue. The most excellent names in the world were gathered and attributed to them, and they were called magnanimous, righteous, beloved of man and beneficial to the people, obedient to the will of Heaven and rewarded of Heaven. Besides this, it is also recorded on the bamboos and silk, cut in metals and stones, and engraved on the dishes and cups to be handed down to posterity. What is this for? It is to mark out those who loved the people and benefited them, obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward from Heaven. Thus the ode of Huang Yi says: "God said to King Wen, 'I cherish your intelligent virtue. It was not proclaimed with much noise or gesture. It was not modified after the possession of the empire. How instructively and naturally submissive to the scheme of Heaven!'" Because he was obedient to God's scheme, He rewarded him with Yin and honoured him to be emperor and enriched him with the empire. And his fame is not forgotten even unto this day. Hence we are enabled to know who are those that loved the people and benefited them, obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward from Heaven. Now, who are those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven? They are the ancient wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li. What did they do? They were selfish and ungenerous. Being selfish they attacked the small states with their large states, they molested the small houses with their large houses. The strong plundered the weak, the many oppressed the few, the clever deceived the ignorant, the honoured disdained the humble. Such a regime was not helpful to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Since it was not helpful to these three it was helpful to none. And they were called the enemies of Heaven. The most evil names in the world were gathered and attributed to them, and they were called unmagnanimous, unrighteous, haters of man and oppressors of the people, disobedient to the will of Heaven and punished by Heaven. Besides this, it is also recorded on the bamboos and silk, cut in the metals and stones, and engraved on the plates and cups to be handed down to posterity. What is this for? It is to mark out those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven. Thus relates the "Great Declaration": "Zhou went beyond the proper limits and became insolent. He would not worship God and pushed away the ancestors and spirits without offering them sacrifices. And he said: 'Fortune is with me,' and neglected and betrayed his duty. Heaven thereupon deserted him and withdrew its protection." Heaven deserted Zhou and withdrew its support because Zhou opposed the will of Heaven. Hence we are enabled to know who are those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven. 1. 賊人 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《天志下 - Will of Heaven III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 5 | 天志下: | 曰順天之意者，兼也；反天之意者，別也。兼之為道也，義正；別之為道也，力正。曰義正者何若？曰大不攻小也，強不侮弱也，眾不賊寡也，詐不欺愚也，貴不傲賤也，富不驕貧也，壯不奪老也。是以天下之庶國，莫以水火毒藥兵刃以相害也。若事上利天，中利鬼，下利人，三利而無所不利，是謂天德。故凡從事此者，聖知也，仁義也，忠惠也，慈孝也，是故聚斂天下之善名而加之。是其故何也？則順天之意也。曰力正者何若？曰大則攻小也，強則侮弱也，眾則賊寡也，詐則欺愚也，貴則傲賤也，富則驕貧也，壯則奪老也。是以天下之庶國，方以水火毒藥兵刃以相賊害也。若事上不利天，中不利鬼，下不利人，三不利而無所利，是謂之賊。故凡從事此者，寇亂也，盜賊也，不仁不義，不忠不惠，不慈不孝，是故聚斂天下之惡名而加之。是其故何也？則反天之意也。」 |
| Will of Heaven III: | To obey the will of Heaven is to be universal and to oppose the will of Heaven is to be partial (in love). According to the doctrine of universality righteousness is the standard; in the doctrine of partiality force is the basis of government. What is it like to have righteousness as the basis of government? The great will not attack the small, the strong will not plunder the weak, the many will not oppress the few, the clever will not deceive the ignorant, the honoured will not disdain the humble, the rich will not mock the poor, and the young will not rob the old. And the states in the empire will not ruin each other with water, fire, poison, and weapons. Such a regime will be beneficial to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, to the people below. Being beneficial to these three it is beneficial to all. This is called the virtue of Heaven; whoever practises this is a sage, magnanimous, gracious, and righteous, loyal, affectionate, and filial, and all such good names in the world will be gathered and attributed to him. Why so? Because such conduct is in accordance with the will of Heaven. Now, what is it like to have force as the basis of government? The great will attack the small, the strong will plunder the weak, the many will oppress the few, the clever will impose upon the ignorant, the honoured will disdain the humble, the rich will mock the poor, and the young will rob the old. And the states in the empire will ruin each other with water, fire, poison, and weapons. Such a regime will not be helpful to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Not being helpful to these three, it is not helpful to any. This is called the enemy of Heaven. He who practises this is a bad man, not magnanimous, not gracious, and unrighteous, disloyal, unaffectionate, and unfilial, and all such evil names in the world are gathered and attributed to him. Why so? Because such conduct is in opposition to the will of Heaven. |
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