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| Condition 1: References "有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正" Matched:5. |
| Total 5 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷八 - Book 8》 | Library Resources |
《明鬼下 - On Ghosts III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 15 | 明鬼下: |
且商書獨鬼，而夏書不鬼，則未足以為法也。然則姑嘗上觀乎夏書禹誓曰：『大戰于甘，王乃命左右六人，下聽誓于中軍，曰：「有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用劋絕其命。」有曰：「日中。今予與有扈氏爭一日之命。且爾卿大夫庶人，予非爾田野葆士之欲也，予共行天之罰也。左不共于左，右不共于右，若不共命，御非爾馬之政，若不共命」』。是以賞于祖而僇于社。賞于祖者何也？言分命之均也。僇于社者何也？言聽獄之事也。故古聖王必以鬼神為賞賢而罰暴，是故賞必於祖而僇必於社。此吾所以知夏書之鬼也。故尚者夏書，其次商周之書，語數鬼神之有也，重有重之，此其故何也？則聖王務之。以若書之說觀之，則鬼神之有，豈可疑哉？於古曰：『吉日丁卯，周代祝社方，歲於社 者1考，以延年壽』。若無鬼神，彼豈有所延年壽哉！」 |
| On Ghosts III: |
If there are testimonies of ghosts only in the books of Shang and none in those of Xia it is still not reliable. But we have "Speech at Gan" among the books of Xia running thus: "In the midst of the war at Gan the Emperor called the six associates to receive instructions in the headquarters. He said: 'The Prince of Hu violated the five elements and disused the three calendars. Heaven decreed to exterminate his life!' And he continued : 'At noon I shall grapple with the Prince of Hu for the fate of the day. But (mind you), you ministers and people, it is not because I covet their lind and treasures. I am only carrying out the punishment in obedience to Heaven. If you on the left do not do your part on the left you will be disobeying my orders; if you on the right do not do your part on the right you will be disobeying my orders; if you charioteers do not manage your horses according to orders you will be disobeying my orders. And rewards will be distributed before my ancestors and punishments will be meted out before the altar.'" Why were rewards distributed before the ancestors? To submit their fairness. Why were punishments meted out before the altar? To submit their justice. Because the ancient sage-kings must reward virtue and punish vice with ghosts and spirits, they distributed rewards before the ancestors and meted out punishments before the altar. And here we have a testimony of ghosts in the books of Xia. Now, first in the books of Xia and next in the books of Shang and Zhou, testimonies to the existence of ghosts and spirits occur again and again. What is the reason for this? Because the sage-kings were interested in it. Judging from the records of these books, how can we doubt that there are ghosts and spirits? Anciently, on the propitious day of ding mao, Zhou offered thanksgiving to Earth and the Four Quarters, and their ancestors. They did this to prolong their age. If there were no ghosts and spirits, how could their age be prolonged? 1. 者 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《史書 - Histories》 | Related resources |
《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《本紀 - Annals》 | Library Resources |
《夏本紀 - Annals of the Xia》 | Books referencing 《夏本紀》 Library Resources |
| 30 | 夏本紀: | 有扈氏不服，啟伐之，大戰於甘。將戰，作甘誓，乃召六卿申之。啟曰：「嗟！六事之人，予誓告女：有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用勦絕其命。今予維共行天之罰。左不攻于左，右不攻于右，女不共命。御非其馬之政，女不共命。用命，賞于祖；不用命，僇于社，予則帑僇女。」遂滅有扈氏。天下咸朝。 |
| Annals of the Xia: | As the lord of Hu would not submit, Qi attacked him, and there was a great battle at Han. Just before the engagement the speech at Gan was delivered to the six generals, who were summoned together; Qi said, 'Ah! ye who are engaged in my six armies, I have a solemn announcement to make to you. The chief of Hu violently sets at naught the five human relations, and idly casts aside the three obligations of duty. Heaven will on this account oppose him and cut off the span of his life, and I am now but reverently executing the punishment appointed by Heaven. If you on the left do not do your work on the left, and you on the right do not do your work on the right, it will be a disregard of my orders. If you, charioteers, do not observe the rules for the management of your horses, it will be a disregard of my orders. You who obey my orders shall be rewarded in the ancestral temple, but you who disobey my orders shall be slain before the altar of the spirits of the land, and I will destroy both you and your children. He thereupon destroyed the chief of Hu, and the whole nation went to the court of the Prince of Xia. |
《經典文獻 - Ancient Classics》 | Related resources |
《尚書 - Shang Shu》 | [Spring and Autumn (772 BC - 476 BC)] | Books referencing 《尚書》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《夏書 - Xia Shu》 | Books referencing 《夏書》 Library Resources |
《甘誓 - Speech at Gan》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《甘誓》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 甘誓: | 大戰于甘，乃召六卿。 |
| Speech at Gan: | There was a great battle at Kan. (Previous to it), the king called together the six nobles, (the leaders of his six hosts), | |
| 王曰：「嗟！六事之人，予誓告汝：有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用剿絕其命，今予惟恭行天之罰。左不攻于左，汝不恭命；右不攻于右，汝不恭命；御非其馬之正，汝不恭命。用命，賞于祖；弗用命，戮于社，予則孥戮汝。」 | ||
| And said, 'Ah! all ye who are engaged in my six hosts, I have a solemn announcement to make to you. The lord of Hu wildly wastes and despises the five elements (that regulate the seasons), and has idly abandoned the three acknowledged commencements of the year. On this account Heaven is about to destroy him, and bring to an end his appointment (to Hu); and I am now reverently executing the punishment appointed by Heaven. If you, (the archers) on the left, do not do your work on the left, it will be a disregard of my orders. If you, (the spearmen) on the right, do not do your work on the right, it will be a disregard of my orders. If you, charioteers, do not observe the rules for the management of your horses, it will be a disregard of my orders. You who obey my orders, shall be rewarded before (the spirits of) my ancestors; and you who disobey my orders, shall be put to death before the altar of the spirits of the land, and I will also put to death your children.' |
《漢代之後 - Post-Han》 |
《宋明 - Song-Ming》 |
《太平御覽》 | [Northern Song] 977-984 | Library Resources |
《兵部三十八》 | Library Resources |
《誓眾》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 誓眾: |
《書》曰：帝曰：「咨，禹！惟時有苗弗率，汝徂征。」三苗之民數千，王誅率循也。徂，往也。不循帝道，言亂逆也，命禹討之。禹乃會群后，誓于師，曰：「濟濟有眾，咸聽朕命：令諸侯伐有苗也。軍旅曰誓。濟濟，眾盛之貌。蠢茲有苗，昏迷不恭，蠢，動；昏，暗也。言其所以宜討。侮慢自賢，反道敗德；狎侮先王，輕慢典教，反正道，敗德義。君子在野，小人在位；廢仁賢，任奸佞。民棄不保，天降之咎。言民叛天，災之。肆予以爾眾士，奉辭伐罪。肆，故也。辭謂不恭。罪謂侮慢以下事。爾尚一乃心力，其克有勛！」三旬，苗民逆命。益贊于禹曰：「惟德動天，無遠弗屆。」禹拜昌言，班師振旅。帝乃誕敷文德，舞干羽於兩階。七旬，有苗格。 又曰：啟與有扈，戰于甘之野。王曰：「嗟！六事之人，予誓告汝：有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用剿絕其命。用命賞于祖。不用命，戮于社；予則孥戮汝！」 又曰：羲和湎淫，廢時亂日，胤往征之，告于眾曰：「羲和尸厥官、昏迷于天象，以干先王之誅。今予奉將天罰。火炎昆岡，玉石俱焚。天吏逸德，烈于猛火。殲厥渠魁，脅從罔治。嗚呼！威克厥愛，允濟；愛克厥威，允罔功。爾眾士，懋戒哉！」欽承天子休命。 又曰：魯侯伯禽宅曲阜，徐夷并興東郊不開作費。誓公曰：「嗟，人無嘩！聽命：善谷乃甲胄，備乃弓矢，鍛乃戈矛，礪乃鋒刃，無敢不善！峙乃糗糧，峙乃芻茭，無敢不逮！汝則有大刑！魯人三郊、三遂，峙乃楨幹。甲戌，我惟筑。無敢不供！汝則有無餘刑，非殺。」刑者非一也。 又曰：惟戊午，王次于河朔，次，止也。戊午渡河而誓，既誓而止于河之北。群后以師畢會。諸侯盡會止也。王乃徇師而誓，曰：「嗚呼！西土有眾，咸聽朕言！徇，循也。武王在西，故稱西土。今商王受力行無度，行無法度。播棄黎老，昵比罪人。鮐背之者稱黎老。棄，不禮敬也。昵，近也。罪人，謂天下逋逃小人也。予有亂臣十人，同心同德。言我治理之臣雖少，而心德同也。雖有周親，不如仁人。」周，至也。紂至親雖多，不若周家之多仁人也。 又曰：武王伐紂，曰：「今予發，惟恭行天之罰。今日之事，不愆于六步七步，乃止齊焉。夫子勖哉！不愆于四伐、五伐、六伐、七伐、乃止齊焉。勖哉夫子！尚桓桓，如虎如貔，如熊如羆！于商郊！弗迓克奔，以役西土，勖哉夫子！爾所弗勖，其于爾躬有戮！」 又曰：爾眾士同力王室。 |
《人事部一百二十一》 | Library Resources |
《盟誓》 | Library Resources |
| 2 | 盟誓: | 《尚書·甘誓》曰：大戰于甘，乃召六卿，王曰：「嗟！六事之人，予誓告汝：有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用剿絕其命。今予惟龔行天之罰。左弗攻于左，汝弗龔命。左軍左之主射攻治之其職也。右弗攻于右，汝弗龔命。御非其馬之正，汝弗龔命。三者有失皆不奉我命也。用命賞于祖。弗用命，戮于社；天子親又載社主謂之社，土不用命則戮于社也。予則孥戮汝！」 |
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