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| Condition 1: References "春祭曰礿，夏祭曰禘" Matched:5. |
| Total 5 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《禮記 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《禮記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《祭統 - Ji Tong》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《祭統》 Library Resources |
| 26 | 祭統: | 凡祭有四時：春祭曰礿，夏祭曰禘，秋祭曰嘗，冬祭曰烝。礿、禘，陽義也；嘗、烝，陰義也。禘者陽之盛也，嘗者陰之盛也。故曰：莫重於禘、嘗。古者於禘也，發爵賜服，順陽義也；於嘗也，出田邑，發秋政，順陰義也。故記曰：「嘗之日，發公室，示賞也；草艾則墨；未發秋政，則民弗敢草也。」故曰：禘、嘗之義大矣。治國之本也，不可不知也。明其義者君也，能其事者臣也。不明其義，君人不全；不能其事，為臣不全。 |
| Ji Tong: | For the sacrifices (in the ancestral temple) there were the four seasons. That in spring was called yue; that in summer, di; that in autumn, chang; and that in winter, zheng. The yue and di expressed the idea in the bright and expanding (course of nature); the chang and zheng, that in the sombre and contracting (course). The di showed the former in its fullest development, and the chang showed the latter in the same. Hence it is said, 'There is nothing more important than the di and chang.' Anciently, at the di sacrifice, they conferred rank, and bestowed robes - acting according to the idea in the bright and expanding (course); and at the khang they gave out fields and homesteads, and issued the rules of autumn-work - acting according to the idea in the sombre and contracting (course). Hence it is said in the Record, 'On the day of the chang sacrifice they gave forth (the stores of) the ruler's house;' showing how rewards (were then given). When the plants were cut down, the punishment of branding might be inflicted. Before the rules of autumn-work were issued, the people did not dare to cut down the grass. Hence it is said that 'the ideas in the di and chang are great, and lie at the, foundation of the government of a state; and should by all means be known.' It is for the ruler to know clearly those ideas, and for the minister to be able to execute (what they require). The ruler who does not know the ideas is not complete, and the minister who cannot carry them into execution is not complete. |
《說苑 - Shuo Yuan》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《說苑》 Library Resources |
《脩文》 | Books referencing 《脩文》 Library Resources |
| 26 | 脩文: | 春祭曰祠，夏祭曰禴，秋祭曰嘗，冬祭曰烝；春薦韭卵，夏薦麥魚；秋薦黍豚，冬薦稻鴈。三歲一祫，五年一禘；祫者，合也；禘者，諦也。祫者大合祭於祖廟也，禘者諦其德而差優劣也。聖主將祭，必潔齋精思，若親之在；方興未登，㥥㥥憧憧，專一想親之容貌彷彿，此孝子之誠也。四方之助祭，空而來者滿而反，虛而至者實而還，皆取法則焉。 |
《字書 - Etymology》 |
《爾雅 - Er Ya》 | [Qin - Western Han (221 BC - 9)] | Books referencing 《爾雅》 Library Resources |
《釋天》 | Books referencing 《釋天》 Library Resources |
| 43 | 釋天: | 春祭曰祠，夏祭曰礿，秋祭曰嘗，冬祭曰蒸，祭天曰燔柴，祭地曰瘞薶，祭山曰庪縣，祭川曰浮沈，祭星曰布，祭風曰磔，是禷是禡，師祭也，既伯既禱，馬祭也，禘，大祭也，繹，又祭也，周曰繹，商曰彤，夏曰復胙。 |
《漢代之後 - Post-Han》 |
《宋明 - Song-Ming》 |
《太平御覽》 | [Northern Song] 977-984 | Library Resources |
《禮儀部四》 | Library Resources |
《祭禮中》 | Library Resources |
| 9 | 祭禮中: | 又《祭統》曰：凡祭有四時：春祭曰礿，夏祭曰禘，秋祭曰嘗，冬祭曰烝。謂夏殷時禮也。礿、禘，陽義也；嘗、烝、陰義也。禘者，陽之盛也；嘗者，陰之盛也，故曰莫重于禘、嘗。夏者尊卑著而秋萬物成。 |
| 33 | 祭禮中: | 《爾雅》曰：春祭曰祀，祠之言食也。夏祭曰礿，新菜可也。秋祭曰嘗，嘗新穀也。冬祭曰烝。進品物也。祭天曰燔柴，既祭，積薪燒之。祭地曰瘞埋，既祭埋藏也。祭山曰庪懸，或庪或懸，置之于山川。《海經》曰，懸以告王是也。祭川曰浮沉。投祭水中，或沉或浮也。祭星曰布，布，散祭於地也。祭風曰磔。今俗當大道中磔狗云止風，此其象也。是類是祃，師祭也；師出征伐，類于上帝，祃于所征之地。既伯既禱，馬祭也。伯，祭馬祖也。將用馬力，必先祭其先祖也。禘，大祭也；五年一祭也。繹，又祭也。祭之明日，尋繹復祭。周曰繹，《春秋經》曰：「壬午楢繹。」商曰肜，《融音書》曰：「高宗肜日。」夏曰復胙。未見義所出也。 |
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