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Scope: 皇朝通志 |
Condition : Contains text 「觧」 |
Total 2 |
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310 | 三老、五更之說,不見於《詩》、《書》,其見於《禮記》者,蓋出於漢儒,非孔子之言,惟《左傳》三老凍餒之文為最古,然《傳》謂公聚朽蠧,而三老反不見養遇,非與五更相提並論也。註三老、五更者多矣。或謂上中下夀,或謂工、商、農而不及五更,或謂明天地人與五行之事,或謂取象三辰、五星,或謂知三徳、五事者,各以臆度不堪僂指矣。至蔡邕獨㫁,乃有父事兄事之說,而《白虎通》之謬直以為老更各一人,且曰父一而已,不宜有三。吁可怪哉!天子養老,即所以教孝於天下,何至以父事之?且即其說父一而已,則天子已自有父,今復事一人,是非二父乎?腐儒執虛文而謬大義,真不直一噱耳。邕復觧更為叟謂豕亥之訛。夫叟與老同,既有老,又何藉叟為哉?予以謂三者,天地人之數,養老自以三舉其數耳。若夫五更則更事之說為近,而五倫、五常莫不具於此,人數不必其備,行之以敬誠愷悌,則中和位育將在是矣。後儒一切穿鑿之論,何足數哉!御製三老記》。 |
311 | 予既為三老、五更之說,以闢諸家之謬,然以三老之稱數典於左氏,其何以稱三老則求其觧而終不得其辭,兹以三餘之暇,書辟雍詩冊有三老」之語,臨池下恍然悟曰:三老之言,實出孟子,所謂老而無妻,老而無夫,老而無子,此非三老而何?孟子雖出左氏後,而此語自由古以傳,故即繼之曰:文王發政,施仁必先。斯四者可知文王時即有三老之稱,左氏提其綱,孟子晰其目耳。且晏子對叔向歎齊之將為陳氏所云,公棄其民,三老凍餒,乃指一國鰥寡獨窮之,民之無恤者,設以上夀中夀下夀論之,豈八十以下之老,即可以弗恤乎?其餘附㑹之論,愈說愈逺,然總於辟雍,養老興賢,有何涉乎?自是而三老之稱,徧於鄉閭,所謂三老董公、壺闗三老之類,不一而足,蓋耆艾而長於鄉者,即可稱三老而非定三人也。夫予三老、五更之說,成於戊戌,逮今又六年,求其說而不得,而筆下偶得之,是不可以不記,且此六年中何嘗不讀孟子,而未有㑹兹偶㑹之益見,理不可不日窮書,不可不日讀寧,渠呈已之,是顯人之非,以為博聞廣識而已哉? |
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