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Scope: 通典
Condition : Contains text 「观」
Total 3

邊防五

1
西羌本出三苗,蓋姜姓也。其國近衡山。今長沙、衡陽、零陵、江華等郡地。及舜,徙之三危,三危山,今在燉煌郡燉煌縣界。漢金城之西南羌地是也。今金城、會寧、安鄉、西平等郡之西南地。濱於賜支,續漢書曰:河關西可千餘里,有河曲,羌謂之賜支,蓋析支也。接漢河關縣,屬金城郡,則今安鄉郡也。其賜支在其西。又按風俗通云:「羌者其先本戎賤,主牧羊,故羌字從羊。」至於河首,綿地千里。南接蜀漢徼外蠻夷,西北接鄯善、車師諸國。所居無常,依隨水草。地少五穀,產牧為業。其俗氏族無定,或以父名母姓為種號。妻後母,納嫠嫂,嫠音離。如北狄之俗,故國無鰥寡,種類繁熾。廣志云:「羌與北狄同,其人魯鈍,饒妻妾,多子姓,一人生子數十,或至百人。嫁女得高貲者,聘至百犢。女披大華,以為盛服。一狗皮直數十匹。」在古不立君臣,無相長一,強則分種為酋豪,弱則為人附落,更相抄掠,以力為雄。殺人償死,無他禁令。其兵長在山谷,短於平地,不能持久,而果於觸突,以戰死為吉利,病終為不祥。甚耐寒苦,同之禽獸。
4
魏晉二代,時亂關、隴,不至大傷害。永嘉以後,吐谷渾興焉,本遼東鮮卑,晉時數百戶,西附於陰山。屬晉亂,遂吞并諸羌,而有其地。至其孫葉延,遂為強國。後魏末,其主夸呂自號可汗,建官多效中國。洎隋煬帝,遣王雄大破之,其主伏允遠遯,收其地列置郡縣鎮戍,後轉衰弱。
3
晉時關隴屢為氐羌所擾,孟西討,因擒氐帥齊萬年。華陰令江統深唯四夷亂華,宜杜其萌,乃作徙戎論曰:

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