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| Scope: Will of Heaven III Request type: Paragraph |
| Condition 1: References "今天下之士君子之欲為義者，則不可不順天之意矣" Matched:2. |
| Total 2 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《天志下 - Will of Heaven III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 2 | 天志下: |
是故子墨子言曰：「戒之慎之，必為天之所欲，而去天之所惡。曰天之所欲者何也？所惡者何也？天欲義而惡其不義者也。何以知其然也？曰義者正也。何以知義之為正也？天下有義則治，無義則亂，我以此知義之為正也。然而正者，無自下正上者，必自上正下。是故庶人不得次己而為正，有士正之；士不得次己而為正，有大夫正之；大夫不得次己而為正，有諸侯正之；諸侯不得次己而為正，有三公正之；三公不得次己而為正，有天子正之；天子不得次己而為政，有天正之。今天下之士君子，皆明於天子之正天下也，而不明於天 之1正 天子2也。是故古者聖人，明以此說人曰：『天子有善，天能賞之；天子有過，天能罰之。』天子賞罰不當，聽獄不中，天下疾病禍福，霜露不時，天子必且犓豢其牛羊犬彘，絜為粢盛酒醴，以禱祠祈福於天，我未嘗聞天之禱祈福於天子也，吾以此知天之重且貴於天子也。是故義者不自愚且賤者出，必自貴且知者出。曰誰為知？天為知。然則義果自天出也。今天下之士君子之欲為義者，則不可不順天之意矣。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
And Mozi said: Be obedient. Be careful. Be sure to do what Heaven desires and avoid what Heaven abominates. Now, what does Heaven desire and what does Heaven abominate? Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. How do we know this? Because righteousness is the standard. How do we know righteousness is the standard? Because with righteousness the world will be orderly; without it the world will be disorderly. So, I know righteousness is the standard. Now a standard is never given by the subordinate to the superior, it is always to be given by the superior to the subordinate. Hence the common people may not make the standard at will. There are the scholars to give them the standard. The scholars may not make the standard at will. There are the ministers to give them the standard. The ministers may not make the standard at will. There are the feudal lords to give them the standard. The feudal lords may not make the standard at will. There is the high duke to give them the standard. The high duke may not make the standard at will. There is the emperor to give him the standard. The emperor may not make the standard at will. There is Heaven to give him the standard. The gentlemen of the world all understand that the emperor gives the standard to the world but do not understand that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor. The sages, explaining this, said: "When the emperor has done good, Heaven rewards him. When the emperor has committed wrong, Heaven punishes him. When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment and not judicious in hearing lawsuits, Heaven visits him with disease and calamities, and frost and dew will be untimely." The emperor will then have to feed oxen and sheep with grass and dogs and pigs with grains and prepare clean cakes and wine to pray and invoke Heaven for blessing. I have not yet heard of Heaven praying and invoking the emperor for blessing. So, I can say Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. Therefore righteousness does not come from the ignorant and humble but from the honourable and wise. Who is honourable? Heaven is honourable. Who is wise? Heaven is wise. And, so, righteousness assuredly comes from Heaven. And the gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness therefore must obey the will of Heaven. 1. 之 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 | |
| 4 | 天志下: |
且天之愛百姓也，不盡物而止矣。今天下之國，粒食之民， 國1殺一 不辜者，必有一2不祥。曰誰殺不辜？曰人也。孰予之不辜？曰天也。若天之中實不愛此民也，何故而人有殺不辜，而天予之不祥哉？且天之愛百姓厚矣，天之愛百姓別矣，既可得而知也。何以知天之愛百姓也？吾以賢者之必賞善罰暴也。何以知賢者之必賞善罰暴也？吾以昔者三代之聖王知之。故昔也三代之聖王堯舜禹湯文武之兼愛天下也，從而利之，移其百姓之意焉，率以敬上帝山川鬼神，天以為從其所愛而愛之，從其所利而利之，於是加其賞焉，使之處上位，立為天子以法也，名之曰『聖人』，以此 知3其賞善之證。是故昔也三代之暴王桀紂幽厲之兼惡天下也，從而賊之，移其百姓之意焉，率以詬侮上帝山川鬼神，天以為不從其所愛而惡之，不從其所利而賊之，於是加其罰焉，使之父子離散，國家滅亡，抎失社稷，憂以及其身。是以天下之庶民屬而毀之，業萬世子孫繼嗣，毀之賁不之廢也，名之曰『失王』，以此知其罰暴之證。今天下之士君子，欲為義者，則不可不順天之意矣。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
That Heaven loves all the people of the world is proved not only by this. In all the countries in the world and among all the people who live on grains, the murder of one innocent individual brings down one calamity. Now who is it that murders the innocent? It is man. Who is it that sends down the calamity? It is Heaven. If Heaven really did not love the people, why does Heaven send down calamities for the murder of the innocent? Furthermore, Heaven loves the people dearly, Heaven loves the people inclusively. And this can be known. How do we know Heaven loves the people? Because of the certain reward to the good and punishment to the evil from the virtuous (Heaven). How do we know the virtuous (Heaven) certainly rewards the good and punishes the evil? I know this from the (examples of) the sage-kings of the Three Dynasties. Anciently, the sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, loved the world universally and proceeded to benefit them. They converted the desires of the people and led them to worship God, hills and rivers, and the spirits. Heaven was pleased because they loved what it loved and benefited what it would benefit, and bestowed rewards upon them, placing them on the throne, crowning them emperor, upholding them as the standard, and calling them sage-kings. Here we have the proof of reward of the good. Anciently, the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li, hated all the world and proceeded to oppress them. They converted the desires of the people and led them to blaspheme against God, hills and rivers, and the spirits. Heaven was offended because they hated those whom Heaven loved and oppressed those whom Heaven would benefit, and Heaven decreed punishments upon them, letting fathers and sons be scattered, their empire be put to an end, their state be lost to them, and capital punishment fall upon them. Thereupon, the multitudes in the world condemned them, the condemnation lasting all through the ten thousand generations, the people calling them wicked kings. Here we have the proof of punishment of the evil. Those gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness have only to obey the will of Heaven. 1. 國 : Deleted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
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