| | 表记: |
子曰：“仁之难成久矣，惟君子能之。是故君子不以其所能者病人，不以人之所不能者愧人。是故圣人之制行也，不制以己，使民有所劝勉愧耻，以行其言。礼以节之，信以结之，容貌以文之，衣服以移之，朋友以极之，欲民之有壹也。《》曰：‘不愧于人，不畏于天。’ |
| Biao Ji: |
The Master said, 'Long has the attainment of perfect humanity been difficult among men; it is only the superior man who is able to reach it. Therefore the superior man does not distress men by requiring from them that which (only) he himself can do, nor put them to shame because of what they cannot do. Hence the sage, in laying down rules for conduct, does not make himself the rule, but gives them his instructions so that they shall be able to stimulate themselves to endeavour, and have the feeling of shame if they do not put them in practice. (He enjoins) the rules of ceremony to regulate the conduct; good faith to bind it on them; right demeanour to set it off; costume to distinguish it; and friendship to perfect it - he desires in this way to produce a uniformity of the people. It is said in the Xiao Ya (V, ode 5, 3), "Shall they unblushing break man's law? Shall they not stand of Heaven in awe?" |
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是故君子服其服，则文以君子之容；有其容，则文以君子之辞；遂其辞，则实以君子之德。是故君子耻服其服而无其容，耻有其容而无其辞，耻有其辞而无其德，耻有其德而无其行。是故君子衰绖则有哀色；端冕则有敬色；甲胄则有不可辱之色。《》云：‘惟鹈在梁，不濡其翼；彼记之子，不称其服。’” |
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'Therefore, when a superior man puts on the dress (of his rank), he sets it off by the demeanour of a superior man. That demeanour he sets off with the language of a superior man; and that language he makes good by the virtues of a superior man. Hence the superior man is ashamed to wear the robes, and not have the demeanour; ashamed to have the demeanour, and not the style of speech; ashamed to have the style of speech, and not the virtues; ashamed to have the virtues, and not the conduct proper to them. Thus it is that when the superior man has on his sackcloth and other mourning, his countenance wears an air of sorrow; when he wears the square-cut dress and square-topped cap, his countenance wears an air of respect; and when he wears his mail-coat and helmet, his countenance says that he is not to be meddled with. It is said in the Book of Poetry (I, xiv, ode 2, 2), "Like pelicans, upon the dam Which stand, and there their pouches cram, Unwet the while their wings, Are those who their rich dress display. But no befitting service pay, Intent on meanest things."' |
