| | 奔丧: |
奔丧之礼：始闻亲丧，以哭答使者，尽哀；问故，又哭尽哀。遂行，日行百里，不以夜行。唯父母之丧，见星而行，见星而舍。若未得行，则成服而后行。过国至竟，哭尽哀而止。哭辟市朝。望其国竟哭。 |
| Ben Sang: |
According to the rules for hurrying to attend the mourning rites, when one first heard that the mourning rites for a relative were going on, he wailed as he answered the messenger, and gave full vent to his sorrow. Having asked all the particulars, he wailed again, with a similar burst of grief, and immediately arranged to go (to the place). He went 100 li a day, not travelling in the night. Only when the rites were those for a father or a mother did he travel while he could yet see the stars, and rested when he (again) saw them. If it was impossible for him to go (at once), he assumed the mourning dress, and then went (as soon as he could). When he had passed through be state (where he was), and reached its frontier, he stopped and wailed, giving full vent to his sorrow. He avoided wailing in the market-place and when near the court. He looked towards the frontier of his own state when he wailed. |
| | 奔丧: |
至于家，入门左，升自西阶，殡东，西面坐，哭尽哀，括发袒，降堂东即位，西乡哭，成踊，袭绖于序东，绞带。反位，拜宾成踊，送宾，反位；有宾后至者，则拜之，成踊、送宾皆如初。众主人兄弟皆出门，出门哭止；阖门，相者告就次。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When he came to the house, he entered the gate at the left side of it, (passed through the court), and ascended to the hall by the steps on the west. He knelt on the east of the coffin, with his face to the west, and wailed, giving full vent to his grief. He (then) tied up his hair in a knot, bared his arms, and went down from the hall, proceeding to his place on the east, where he wailed towards the west. Having completed the leaping, he covered his arms and put on his sash of sackcloth in the corridor on the east; and after tucking up the ends of his sash, he returned to his place. He bowed to the visitors, leaping with them, and escorted them (to the gate), returning (afterwards) to his place. When other visitors arrived, he bowed to them, leaped with them, and escorted them - all in the same way. (After this), all the principal mourners, with their cousins, went out at the gate, stopping there while they wailed. The gate was then closed, and the director told them to go to the mourning shed. |
| | 奔丧: |
于又哭，括发袒成踊；于三哭，犹括发袒成踊。三日，成服，拜宾、送宾皆如初。 |
| Ben Sang: |
At the next wailing, the day after, they tied up their hair, bared their arms, and went through the leaping. At the third wailing next day, they again tied up their hair, bared their arms, and went through the leaping. On these three days, the finishing the mourning dress, bowing to and escorting the visitors, took place as in the first case. |
| | 奔丧: |
奔丧者非主人，则主人为之拜宾送宾。 |
| Ben Sang: |
If he who has hurried to be present at the rites were not the presiding mourner on the occasion, then that presiding mourner, instead of him, bowed to the visitors and escorted them. |
| | 奔丧: |
奔丧者自齐衰以下，入门左中庭北面哭尽哀，免麻于序东，即位袒，与主人哭成踊。于又哭、三哭皆免袒，有宾则主人拜宾、送宾。丈夫妇人之待之也，皆如朝夕哭，位无变也。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one hurried to the rites, even where they were less than those for a mother or father, which required the wearing of sackcloth, with even edge or frayed, he entered the gate at the left side of it, and stood in the middle of the court-yard with his face to the north, wailing and giving full vent to his sorrow. He put on the cincture for the head and the sackcloth girdle in the corridor on the east, and repaired to his place, where he bared his arms. Then he wailed along with the presiding mourner, and went through the leaping. For the wailing on the second day and the third, they wore the cincture and bared the arms. If there were visitors, the presiding mourner bowed to them on their arrival, and escorted them. The husbands and wives (of the family) waited for him at the wailing-places for every morning and evening, without making any change. |
| | 奔丧: |
奔母之丧，西面哭尽哀，括发袒，降堂东即位，西乡哭，成踊，袭免绖于序东，拜宾、送宾，皆如奔父之礼，于又哭不括发。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one hurries to the mourning rites for a mother, he wails with his face to the west, giving full vent to his sorrow. He then ties up his hair, bares his arms, descends from the hall, and goes to his station on the east, where, with his face to the west, he wails and goes through the leaping. After that, he covers his arms and puts on the cincture and sash in the corridor on the east. He bows to the visitors, and escorts them (to the gate) in the same way as if he had hurried to the rites for his father. At the wailing on the day after, he does not tie up his hair. |
| | 奔丧: |
妇人奔丧，升自东阶，殡东，西面坐，哭尽哀；东髽，即位，与主人拾踊。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When a wife hurried to the mourning rites, she went up to the hall by the (side) steps on the east, and knelt on the east of the coffin with, her face to the west. There she wailed, giving full vent to her grief. Having put on the lower cincture on the east, she went to the station (for wailing), and there leaped alternately with the presiding mourner. |
| | 奔丧: |
奔丧者不及殡，先之墓，北面坐，哭尽哀。主人之待之也，即位于墓左，妇人墓右，成踊尽哀括发，东即主人位，绖绞带，哭成踊，拜宾，反位，成踊，相者告事毕。遂冠归，入门左，北面哭尽哀，括发袒成踊，东即位，拜宾成踊。宾出，主人拜送；有宾后至者则拜之成踊；送宾如初。众主人兄弟皆出门，出门哭止，相者告就次。于又哭，括发成踊；于三哭，犹括发成踊。三日成服，于五哭，相者告事毕。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one, hurrying to the mourning rites, did not arrive while the coffin with the body was still in the house, he first went to the grave; and there kneeling with his face to the north, he wailed, giving full vent to his sorrow. The principal mourners have been waiting for him (at the grave), and have taken their stations - the men on the left of it, and the wives on the right. Having gone through the leaping, and given full expression to his sorrow, he tied up his hair, and went to the station of the principal mourners on the east. In his headband of sackcloth, and sash with the ends tucked up, he wailed and went through the leaping. He then bowed to the visitors, and returned to his station, going (again) through the leaping, after which the director announced that the business was over. He then put on the cap, and returned to the house. There he entered at the left side of the door, and, with his face to the north, wailed and gave full vent to his sorrow. He then tied up his hair, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. Going to his station on the east, he bowed to the visitors, and went through the leaping. When the visitors went out, the presiding mourner bowed to them, and escorted them. When other visitors afterwards arrived, he bowed to them, went through the leaping, and escorted them in the same way. All the principal mourners and their cousins went out at the gate, wailed there and stopped, when the directors instructed them to go to the shed. At the wailing next day, he bound up his hair and went through the leaping. At the third wailing, he did the same. On the third day he completed his mourning dress (as was required). After the fifth wailing, the director announced that the business was over. |
| | 奔丧: |
为母所以异于父者，壹括发，其馀免以终事，他如奔父之礼。 |
| Ben Sang: |
Wherein the usages at the rites for a mother differed from those at the rites for a father, was that there was but one tying up of the hair. After that the cincture was worn to the end of the business. In other respects the usages were the same as at the rites for a father. |
| | 奔丧: |
齐衰以下不及殡：先之墓，西面哭尽哀，免麻于东方，即位，与主人哭成踊，袭。有宾则主人拜宾、送宾；宾有后至者，拜之如初。相者告事毕。遂冠归，入门左，北面哭尽哀，免袒成踊，东即位，拜宾成踊，宾出，主人拜送。于又哭，免袒成踊；于三哭，犹免袒成踊。三日成服，于五哭，相者告事毕。 |
| Ben Sang: |
At the rites for other relations, after those for the mother or father, the mourner who did not arrive while the coffin was in the house, first went to the grave, and there wailed with his face to the west, giving full vent to his sorrow. He then put on the cincture and hempen sash, and went to his station on the east, where he wailed with the presiding mourner, and went through the leaping. After this he covered his arms; and if there were visitors, the presiding mourner bowed to them and escorted them away. If any other visitors afterwards came, he bowed to them, as in the former case, and the director announced that the business was over. Immediately after he put on the cap, and returned to the house. Entering at the left side of the door, he wailed with his face to the north, giving full vent to his sorrow. He then put on the cincture, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. Going then to the station on the east, he bowed to the visitors, and went through the leaping again. When the visitors went out, the presiding mourner bowed to them and escorted them. At the wailing next day, he wore the cincture, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. At the third wailing he did the same. On the third day, he put on his mourning-garb; and at the fifth wailing, the director announced that the business was over. |
| | 奔丧: |
闻丧不得奔丧，哭尽哀；问故，又哭尽哀。乃为位，括发袒成踊，袭绖绞带即位，拜宾反位成踊。宾出，主人拜送于门外，反位；若有宾后至者，拜之成踊，送宾如初。于又哭，括发袒成踊，于三哭，犹括发袒成踊，三日成服，于五哭，拜宾送宾如初。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one heard of the mourning rites, and it was impossible (in his circumstances) to hurry to be present at them, he wailed and gave full vent to his grief. He then asked the particulars, and (on hearing them) wailed again, and gave full vent to his grief. He then made a place (for his mourning) .where he was, tied up his hair, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. Having covered his arms, and put on the higher cincture and his sash with the ends tucked up, he went (back) to his place. After bowing to (any visitors that arrived), he returned to the place, and went through the leaping. When the visitors went out, he, as the presiding mourner, bowed to them, and escorted them outside the gate, returning then to his station. If any other visitors came afterwards, he bowed to them and went through the leaping, then escorting them as before. At the wailing next day, he tied up his hair, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. At the third wailing he did the same. On the third day, he put on his mourning-garb, wailed, bowed to his visitors, and escorted them as before. |
| | 奔丧: |
若除丧而后归，则之墓，哭成踊，东括发袒绖，拜宾成踊，送宾反位，又哭尽哀，遂除，于家不哭。主人之待之也，无变于服，与之哭，不踊。 |
| Ben Sang: |
If one returned home after the mourning rites had been completed, he went to the grave, and there wailed and went through the leaping. On the east of it, he tied up his hair, bared his arms, put on the cincture for the head, bowed to the visitors, and went (again) through the leaping. Having escorted the visitors, he returned to his place, and again wailed, giving full vent to his grief With this he put off his mourning. In the house he did not wail. The principal mourner, in his treatment of him, made no change in his dress; and though he wailed with him (at the grave), he did not leap. |
| | 奔丧: |
自齐衰以下，所以异者，免麻。 |
| Ben Sang: |
Wherein at other observances than those for the death of a mother or father, the usages (of such a mourner) differed from the above, were in the cincture for the head and the hempen sash. |
| | 奔丧: |
凡为位，非亲丧，齐衰以下，皆即位哭尽哀，而东免绖，即位，袒、成踊、袭，拜宾反位，哭成踊，送宾反位，相者告就次。三日，五哭卒，主人出送宾；众主人兄弟皆出门，哭止。相者告事毕。成服拜宾。 |
| Ben Sang: |
In all cases where one made a place for his mourning (away from home), if it were not on occasion of the death of a parent, but for some relative of the classes not so nearly related, he went to the station, and wailed, giving full vent to his sorrow. Having put on the cincture for the head and the girdle on the east, he came back to the station, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. He then covered his arms, bowed to the visitors, went back to the station, wailed, and went through the leaping. (After this), he escorted the guests away, and came back to the station, when the director told him to go to the shed. When the fifth wailing was ended, on the third day, the presiding mourner came forth and escorted the visitors away. All the principal mourners and their cousins went out at the gate, wailed, and stopped there. The director announced to them that the business was ended. He put on his full mourning-garb, and bowed to the visitors. |
| | 奔丧: |
若所为位家远，则成服而往。 |
| Ben Sang: |
If the home were far distant from the place which an absent mourner has selected (for his wailing), they completed all their arrangements about dress before they went to it. |
| | 奔丧: |
齐衰，望乡而哭；大功，望门而哭；小功，至门而哭；缌麻，即位而哭。 |
| Ben Sang: |
One hurrying to mourning rites, if they were for a parent, wailed when he looked towards the district (where they had lived); if they were for a relation for whom nine months' mourning was due, he wailed when he could see the gate of his house; if for one to whom five months' mourning was due, he wailed when he got to the door; if for one to whom but three months' mourning was due, he wailed when he took his station. |
| | 奔丧: |
哭父之党于庙；母妻之党于寝；师于庙门外；朋友于寝门外；所识于野张帷。 |
| Ben Sang: |
For one of his father's relations (for whom he did not need to go into mourning) a man wailed in the ancestral temple; for one of his mother or wife's relatives, in the back chamber of the temple; for his teacher, outside the gate of the temple; for a friend, outside the door of the back-chamber; for an acquaintance, in the open country, having pitched a tent for the occasion. Some say the wailing for a mother's relation was in the temple. |
| | 奔丧: |
凡为位不奠。 |
| Ben Sang: |
In all cases where a station was selected, away from the house of mourning, for paying funeral rites, no offerings were put down (for the departed). |
| | 奔丧: |
哭天子九，诸侯七，卿大夫五，士三。 |
| Ben Sang: |
For the son of Heaven they wailed nine days; for a feudal prince, seven; for a high minister and Great officer, five; for another officer, three. |
| | 奔丧: |
大夫哭诸侯，不敢拜宾。 |
| Ben Sang: |
A Great officer, in wailing for the ruler of his state, did not presume to bow to the visitors. |
| | 奔丧: |
诸臣在他国，为位而哭，不敢拜宾。 |
| Ben Sang: |
Ministers in other states, when they selected a station (for their wailing), did not presume to bow to the visitors. |
| | 奔丧: |
与诸侯为兄弟，亦为位而哭。 |
| Ben Sang: |
Officers, of the same surname with a feudal prince, (but who were serving in other states), also made a place at which to wail for him (on his death). |
| | 奔丧: |
凡为位者壹袒。 |
| Ben Sang: |
In all cases where one made a place (at a distance) at which to wail, he bared his arms (only) once. |
| | 奔丧: |
所识者吊，先哭于家而后之墓，皆为之成踊，从主人北面而踊。 |
| Ben Sang: |
In condoling with (the relations of) an acquaintance (after he has been buried), one first wailed in his house, and afterwards went to the grave, in both cases accompanying the wailing with the leaping. He alternated his leaping with that of the presiding mourner, keeping his face towards the north. |
| | 奔丧: |
凡丧，父在父为主；父没，兄弟同居，各主其丧。亲同，长者主之；不同，亲者主之。 |
| Ben Sang: |
At all mourning rites (in a household), if the father were alive, he acted as presiding mourner; if he were dead, and brothers lived together in the house, each presided at the mourning for one of his own family-circle. If two brothers were equally related to the deceased for whom rites were necessary, the eldest presided at those rites; if they were not equally related, the one most nearly so presided. |
| | 奔丧: |
闻远兄弟之丧，既除丧而后闻丧，免袒成踊，拜宾则尚左手。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one heard of the death of a brother or cousin at a distance, but the news did not arrive till the time which his own mourning for him would have taken had expired, he (notwithstanding) put on the mourning cincture, bared his arms, and went through the leaping. He bowed to his visitors, however, with the left hand uppermost. |
| | 奔丧: |
无服而为位者，唯嫂叔；及妇人降而无服者麻。 |
| Ben Sang: |
The only case in which a place was chosen in which to wail for one for whom mourning was not worn, was the death of a sister-in-law, the wife of an elder brother. For a female member of the family who had married, and for whom therefore mourning was not worn, the hempen sash was assumed. |
| | 奔丧: |
凡奔丧，有大夫至，袒，拜之，成踊而后袭；于士，袭而后拜之。 |
| Ben Sang: |
When one had hurried to the mourning rites, and a Great officer came (to condole with him), he bared his arms, and bowed to him. When he had gone through the leaping, he covered his arms. In the case of a similar visit from an ordinary officer, he covered his arms, and then bowed to him. |
