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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷一 -> 辭過 -> 5

古之民未知為飲食時，Before the art of cooking was known,
素食而分處， primitive people ate only vegetables and lived in separation.
故聖人作誨男耕稼樹藝，Thereupon the sage taught the men to attend to farming and to plant trees
以為民食。 to supply the people with food.
其為食也，足以增氣充虛，彊體適腹而巳矣。And the sole purpose of securing food is to increase energy, satisfy hunger, strengthen the body and appease the stomach.
故其用財節，其自養儉，民富國治。He was frugal in spending wealth and simple in habits of living, and so the people became rich and the country orderly.
今則不然， With the present rulers all is different.
厚作斂於百姓，They would heavily tax the people
以為美食芻豢，蒸炙魚鱉， in order to enjoy elaborately the different meats and fish and turtle cooked in various wavs.
大國累百器，(The lord of) a large state is served with a hundred courses
小國累十器，and (that of) a small state, with tens of courses,
前方丈， which will cover a table space of ten square feet.
目不能遍視， The eyes cannot see all the dishes,
手不能遍操， the hands cannot handle them all,
口不能遍味， and the mouth cannot taste them all.
冬則凍冰， In winter they will freeze,
夏則餲1饐， and in summer they sour.
人君為飲食如此， As the ruler serves himself thus,
故左右象之。 naturally his assistants imitate him.
是以富貴者奢侈， And so the rich and high in rank are wasteful and extravagant,
孤寡者凍餒， while the solitary and miserable are hungry and cold.
雖2
欲無亂，不可得也。 It is impossible to keep such a state out of disorder.
君實欲天下治而惡其亂，當為食飲，不可不節。If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to have order and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge in excessive eating and drinking.

1. 餲 : 原作「飾」。自吳毓江《墨子校注》改。
2. 雖 : 舊脫。 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》

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