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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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道家 -> 莊子 -> 雜篇 -> 漁父 -> 3

客曰：The stranger replied,
「同類相從， 'Like seeks to like,
同聲相應， and (birds) of the same note respond to one another
固天之理也。- this is a rule of Heaven.
吾請釋吾之所有而經子之所以。Allow me to explain what I am in possession of, and to pass over (from its standpoint) to the things which occupy you.
子之所以者，人事也。What you occupy yourself with are the affairs of men.
天子、諸侯、大夫、庶人，When the sovereign, the feudal lords, the great officers, and the common people,
此四者自正，these four classes, do what is correct (in their several positions),
治之美也， we have the beauty of good order;
四者離位而亂莫大焉。and when they leave their proper duties, there ensues the greatest disorder.
官治其職， When the officials attend to their duties,
人憂其事， and the common people are anxiously concerned about their business,
乃無所陵。 there is no encroachment on one another's rights.
故田荒室露，Fields running to waste; leaking rooms;
衣食不足， insufficiency of food and clothing;
徵賦不屬， taxes unprovided for;
妻妾不和， want of harmony among wives and concubines;
長少無序， and want of order between old and young
庶人之憂也；- these are the troubles of the common people.
能不勝任， Incompetency for their charges;
官事不治， inattention to their official business;
行不清白， want of probity in conduct;
群下荒怠， carelessness and idleness in subordinates;
功美不有， failure of merit and excellence;
爵祿不持， and uncertainty of rank and emolument:
大夫之憂也； these are the troubles of great officers.
廷無忠臣， No loyal ministers at their courts;
國家昏亂， the clans in their states rebellious;
工技不巧， want of skill in their mechanics;
貢職不美， articles of tribute of bad quality;
春秋後倫， late appearances at court in spring and autumn;
不順天子， and the dissatisfaction of the sovereign:
諸侯之憂也； these are the troubles of the feudal lords.
陰陽不和， Want of harmony between the Yin and Yang;
寒暑不時， unseasonableness of cold and heat,
以傷庶物， affecting all things injuriously;
諸侯暴亂， oppression and disorder among the feudal princes,
擅相攘伐， their presuming to plunder and attack one another,
以殘民人， to the injury of the people;
禮樂不節， ceremonies and music ill-regulated;
財用窮匱， the resources for expenditure exhausted or deficient;
人倫不飭， the social relationships uncared for;
百姓淫亂， and the people abandoned to licentious disorder:
天子有司之憂也。 these are the troubles of the Son of Heaven and his ministers.
今子既上無君侯有司之勢，Now, Sir, you have not the high rank of a ruler, a feudal lord, or a minister of the royal court,
而下無大臣職事之官，nor are you in the inferior position of a great minister, with his departments of business,
而擅飭禮樂， and yet you take it on you to regulate ceremonies and music,
選人倫， and to give special attention to the relationships of society,
以化齊民， with a view to transform the various classes of the people:
不泰多事乎？ is it not an excessive multiplication of your business?
且人有八疵， And moreover men are liable to eight defects,
事有四患， and (the conduct of) affairs to four evils;
不可不察也。 of which we must by all means take account.
非其事而事之，To take the management of affairs which do not concern him
謂之摠； is called monopolising.
莫之顧而進之，To bring forward a subject which no one regards
謂之佞； is called loquacity.
希意道言，To lead men on by speeches made to please them
謂之諂； is called sycophancy.
不擇是非而言，To praise men without regard to right or wrong
謂之諛； is called flattery.
好言人之惡，To be fond of speaking of men's wickedness
謂之讒； is called calumny.
析交離親，To part friends and separate relatives
謂之賊； is called mischievousness.
稱譽詐偽以敗惡人，To praise a man deceitfully, or in the same way fix on him the character of being bad,
謂之慝； is called depravity.
不擇善否， Without reference to their being good or bad,
兩容頰適， to agree with men with double face,
偷拔其所欲， in order to steal a knowledge of what they wish,
謂之險。 is called being dangerous.
此八疵者，Those eight defects
外以亂人，produce disorder among other men
內以傷身， and injury to one's self.
君子不友， A superior man will not make a friend of one who has them,
明君不臣。 nor will an intelligent ruler make him his minister.
所謂四患者， To speak of what I called the four evils:
好經大事， To be fond of conducting great affairs,
變更易常， changing and altering what is of long-standing,
以挂功名， to obtain for one's self the reputation of meritorious service,
謂之叨； is called ambition;
專知擅事， to claim all wisdom and intrude into affairs,
侵人自用，encroaching on the work of others, and representing it as one's own,
謂之貪； is called greediness;
見過不更， to see his errors without changing them,
聞諫愈甚， and to go on more resolutely in his own way when remonstrated with,
謂之很； is called obstinacy;
人同於己則可，when another agrees with himself, to approve of him,
不同於己，雖善不善，and, however good he may be, when he disagrees, to disapprove of him,
謂之矜。 is called boastful conceit.
此四患也。These are the four evils.
能去八疵， When one can put away the eight defects,
無行四患， and allow no course to the four evils,
而始可教已。」 he begins to be capable of being taught.'

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