Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Zhong Yong -> 19

子曰：	The Master said,
「武王、周公，其達孝矣乎！	"How far-extending was the filial piety of King Wu and the duke of Zhou!
夫孝者：	Now filial piety
善繼人之志，	is seen in the skillful carrying out of the wishes of our forefathers,
善述人之事者也。	and the skillful carrying forward of their undertakings.
春、秋修其祖廟，	In spring and autumn, they repaired and beautified the temple halls of their fathers,
陳其宗器，	set forth their ancestral vessels,
設其裳衣，	displayed their various robes,
薦其時食。	and presented the offerings of the several seasons.
宗廟之禮，	By means of the ceremonies of the ancestral temple,
所以序昭穆也；	they distinguished the royal kindred according to their order of descent.
序爵，	By ordering the parties present according to their rank,
所以辨貴賤也；	they distinguished the more noble and the less.
序事，	By the arrangement of the services,
所以辨賢也；	they made a distinction of talents and worth.
旅酬下為上，	In the ceremony of general pledging, the inferiors presented the cup to their superiors,
所以逮賤也；	and thus something was given the lowest to do.
燕毛，所以序齒也。	At the concluding feast, places were given according to the hair, and thus was made the distinction of years.
踐其位，	They occupied the places of their forefathers,
行其禮，	practiced their ceremonies,
奏其樂，	and performed their music.
敬其所尊，	They reverenced those whom they honored,
愛其所親，	and loved those whom they regarded with affection.
事死如事生，	Thus they served the dead as they would have served them alive;
事亡如事存，	they served the departed as they would have served them had they been continued among them
孝之至也。	- the height of filial piety.
郊社之禮，	By the ceremonies of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth
所以事上帝也；	they served God,
宗廟之禮，	and by the ceremonies of the ancestral temple
所以祀乎其先也。	they sacrificed to their ancestors.
明乎郊社之禮、禘嘗之義，	He who understands the ceremonies of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, and the meaning of the several sacrifices to ancestors,
治國其如示諸掌乎！」	would find the government of a kingdom as easy as to look into his palm!"

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
子	子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 說。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
武王	止+4 玉+0		wǔ wáng ㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ	Same as 「周武王」 zhōu wǔ wáng ㄓㄡㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ: 西周的創建者，姬姓，名發，諡號武王。姓名：姬發，在位前1046-前1043。 King Wu of Zhou, first king of the Zhou dynasty. (ruled 1046 BC-1043 BC)	v2,p1439#05 v2,p1099#10	p.575#09 p.727#02	p.736r4c01 p.888r1c02
周公	口+5 八+2	週𠱬𠄗㒶	zhōu gōng ㄓㄡㄍㄨㄥ	Same as 「周文公」 zhōu wén gōng ㄓㄡㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ: 姓姬，名旦，西周政治家。 Duke Wen of Zhou	v1,p0606#03 v1,p0242#01	p.181#36 p.126#28	p.151r3c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
達	辵+9	达	dá tà tì ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄚˋ ㄊㄧˋ	arrive at, reach; intelligent	v6,p3855#01	p.1262#10	p.1328r1c01
孝	子+4		xiào ㄒㄧㄠˋ	filial piety, obedience; mourning	v2,p1011#04	p.278#11	p.398r5c03
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
乎	丿+4	虖	hū ㄏㄨ	Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. / Modal particle expressing admiration or exclamation. / Modal particle expressing estimation. / Modal particle expressing request or order. / Modal particle expressing calling. / Modal particle expressing consideration. / Modal particle expressing affirmation. / Particle used after adjectives. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause. / Preposition: in, from, to.	v1,p0036#08	p.82#07	p.47r3c03
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
善	口+9	譱𦎍𠾄𧮟	shàn ㄕㄢˋ	Good. / Take to be good, like. / Good person. / Strong point, merit. / Perfect. / Gentle, kind. / Friendly. / Good at doing. / Improve, make good. / Control, regulate. / Food.	v1,p0660#02	p.197#18	p.282r3c04
繼	糸+14	继	jì ㄐㄧˋ	continue, maintain, carry on	v5,p3464#13	p.941#34	p.1061r5c07
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
志	心+3	誌𢗍志	zhì ㄓˋ	purpose, will, determination; annals	v4,p2269#04	p.376#21	p.523r3c03
述	辵+5		shù ㄕㄨˋ	narrate, state, express	v6,p3822#13	p.1255#11	p.1313r4c03
事	亅+7	亊叓𠭏	shì ㄕˋ	Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve.	v1,p0023#03	p.85#24	p.58r3c02
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
春	日+5	萅𦸬旾𣈤	chūn chǔn ㄔㄨㄣㄔㄨㄣˇ	spring; wanton	v2,p1496#10	p.493#06	p.636r3c02
秋	禾+4	𪚼龝𪔁䆋秌𥤛	qiū ㄑㄧㄡ	autumn, fall; year	v4,p2595#05	p.850#06	p.988r2c06
修	人+8		xiū ㄒㄧㄡ	study; repair; cultivate	v1,p0159#02	p.106#05	p.110r3c01
祖	示+5	𥘲	zǔ jiē ㄗㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄝ	ancestor, forefather; grandfather	v4,p2391#04	p.841#18
廟	广+12	庙庿	miào ㄇㄧㄠˋ	temple, shrine; imperial court	v2,p0901#02	p.350#28	p.492r6c02
陳	阜+8	𨸬軙敶陣陈	chén zhèn ㄔㄣˊ ㄓㄣˋ	exhibit, display; plead; surname	v6,p4136#01	p.1353#19	p.1424r5c01
宗	宀+5		zōng ㄗㄨㄥ	lineage, ancestry; ancestor, clan	v2,p0917#11	p.283#14	p.411r6c01
器	口+13	噐𡄛	qì ㄑㄧˋ	receptacle, vessel; instrument	v1,p0690#07	p.210#02	p.291r3c03
設	言+4	设	shè ㄕㄜˋ	build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing	v6,p3950#05	p.1151#09	p.1239r2c04
裳	衣+8		cháng sháng ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄤˊ	clothes; skirt; beautiful	v5,p3095#11	p.1118#36	p.1215r6c02
衣	衣+0	衤	yī yì ㄧㄧˋ	clothes, clothing; cover, skin	v5,p3074#01	p.1111#01	p.1208r5c01
薦	艸+13	𧲛荐	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	offer, present; recommend	v5,p3305#11	p.1062#02	p.1169r3c01
時	日+6	旹时	shí ㄕˊ	Season. / Unit of time equal to two hours. / [The passage of] time. / Time, times. / Age, period, epoch. / Occasion, opportune moment. / On time. / Then, at that time. / Always, constantly. / Same as 「伺(1)」 sì ㄙˋ: Wait until, wait for (a chance).	v2,p1505#05	p.494#22	p.639r3c04
食	食+0	饣𩚁飠𩚃餐	shí sì yì ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄧˋ	eat; meal; food; KangXi radical number 184	v7,p4440#01	p.1415#29	p.1489r2c03
禮	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
序	广+4		xù ㄒㄩˋ	series, serial order, sequence	v2,p0875#18	p.343#35	p.487r1c02
昭	日+5		zhāo ㄓㄠ	bright, luminous; illustrious	v2,p1504#09	p.493#22	p.638r2c04
穆	禾+11	𥠇𢿬𢿉𢾓𥟙	mù ㄇㄨˋ	majestic, solemn, reverent; calm	v4,p2628#20	p.859#04	p.995r5c05
爵	爪+14	𥥼𩰧𣡫𠙘	jué ㄐㄩㄝˊ	feudal title or rank	v3,p2037#06	p.689#29
辨	辛+9	弁辯	biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ	Separate, distinguish. / Clarify. / Same as 「辯(4)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Argue, dispute. / Same as 「辯(5)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Cunning words. / Same as 「遍(1)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Universal, general.	v6,p4041#06	p.1251#20	p.1309r6c02
貴	貝+5	𡭙𧸋贵	guì ㄍㄨㄟˋ	expensive, costly, valuable	v6,p3632#09	p.1206#15	p.1271r6c01
賤	貝+8	𧶤贱	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	mean, low; cheap, worthless	v6,p3647#05	p.1209#35	p.1277r3c03
賢	貝+8	臤贒贤	xián ㄒㄧㄢˊ	virtuous, worthy, good; able	v6,p3646#06	p.1209#28	p.1276r5c02
旅	方+6	旅𣥏𣃨魯𣥐	lǚ ㄌㄩˇ	trip, journey; travel; traveler	v3,p2178#07	p.483#02	p.623r6c02
酬	酉+6	酧醻	chóu ㄔㄡˊ	toast; reward, recompense	v6,p3582#05	p.1282#25	p.1351r5c01
下	一+2	丅厥𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
為	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
上	一+2	丄𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
逮	辵+8	迨逯	dài dǎi dì ㄉㄞˋ ㄉㄞˇ ㄉㄧˋ	seize, catch; reach, arrive	v6,p3854#01	p.1259#18	p.1322r2c02
燕	火+12	鷰	yàn yān ㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢ	swallow (bird); comfort, enjoy	v3,p2239#06	p.683#16	p.859r2c01
毛	毛+0		máo mào ㄇㄠˊ ㄇㄠˋ	hair, fur, feathers; coarse	v3,p1994#01	p.591#22	p.747r6c01
齒	齒+0	歯𠚒𠔒𦥒𣥫𦥪齿	chǐ ㄔˇ	teeth; gears, cogs; age; KangXi radical 211	v7,p4788#01	p.1532#08	p.1571r2c03
踐	足+8	践	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	trample, tread upon, walk on	v6,p3714#06	p.1227#17	p.1291r4c01
位	人+5		wèi ㄨㄟˋ	throne; position, post; rank, status; seat	v1,p0138#03	p.98#07	p.96r1c04
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
奏	大+6	𡙹𡲯𡴨𢽥	zòu ㄗㄡˋ	memorialize emperor; report	v1,p0537#01	p.251#15	p.372r6c02
樂	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Music. / Perform, play music. / Musical instrument. / The (now lost) classic of music. / Musician. / Yue, a surname.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
			lè ㄌㄜˋ	Happiness. / Make happy. / Fondness for, liking of. / Happy to, willing to. / Tranquil, contented. / Music and debauchery. / Le, a surname.
敬	攴+9	𣀖𢿩	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	respect, honor; respectfully	v2,p1466#02	p.473#35	p.606r5c02
尊	寸+9		zūn ㄗㄨㄣ	respect, revere, venerate; honor	v1,p0509#06	p.295#10	p.435r4c01
愛	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
親	見+9	𢈥寴𡩁亲	qīn ㄑㄧㄣ	Parents. / Relatives. / Love, favour. / Close, intimate. / Contact, touch. / Personally. / Do oneself.	v6,p3671#12	p.1136#12	p.1230r5c04
死	歹+2	𠑾𣥴	sǐ ㄙˇ	die; dead; death	v2,p1380#06	p.578#22	p.740r6c06
如	女+3		rú ㄖㄨˊ	Go to. / According to, in accordance with. / Like, similar to. / As good as, comparable to. / Should. / Or, alternatively. / If, should it be the case. / As for, as regards. / Adjectival suffix.	v2,p1025#09	p.255#21	p.378r5c02
生	生+0	𤯓	shēng ㄕㄥ	life, living, lifetime; birth	v4,p2575#01	p.754#26	p.906r5c03
亡	亠+1	亾兦	wáng wú ㄨㄤˊ ㄨˊ	death, destroyed; lose, perish	v1,p0279#05	p.88#03	p.75r6c04
存	子+3	𠩯	cún ㄘㄨㄣˊ	exist, live, be; survive; remain	v2,p1009#07	p.278#02	p.398r3c01
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
郊	邑+6		jiāo ㄐㄧㄠ	suburbs; waste land, open spaces	v6,p3769#06	p.1271#11	p.1338r3c02
社	示+3	𥙲䄕𥙭	shè ㄕㄜˋ	god of the soil and altars to him; group of families; company, society	v4,p2386#07	p.839#26
帝	巾+6	𢂇𠫦	dì ㄉㄧˋ	supreme ruler, emperor; god	v1,p0738#02	p.330#14	p.474r5c07
祀	示+3	𥛴	sì ㄙˋ	to sacrifice, worship	v4,p2387#01	p.840#01	p.976r5c02
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
明	日+4	朙	míng ㄇㄧㄥˊ	Bright, brilliant. / Daytime. / Clear, obvious. / Clarify, make clear. / Understand. / Straightforwardly, clearly. / Clear, clean. / Wise. / Make wise. / Spirit, god. / Respect. / Eyesight. / Good eyesight. / See clearly. / The following (day, month, year, etc.).	v2,p1491#08	p.491#12	p.631r3c01
禘	示+9		dì ㄉㄧˋ	imperial ancestor worship	v4,p2405#04	p.845#13	p.984r4c02
嘗	口+11	甞𨡔𠹉尝	cháng ㄔㄤˊ	taste; experience, experiment	v2,p1529#09	p.206#09	p.289r3c03
義	羊+7	义	yì ㄧˋ	right conduct, righteousness	v5,p3133#02	p.952#32	p.1071r3c01
治	水+5	乿	zhì ㄓˋ	(1) 治理，管理。 Rule, administer.	v3,p1599#06	p.614#07	p.776r5c02
國	囗+8	圀國囗囶𢧌䆐囯国	guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ	nation, country, nation-state	v1,p0720#09	p.219#16	p.303r4c02
示	示+0	𥘅礻	shì qī zhì shí ㄕˋ ㄑㄧㄓˋ ㄕˊ	show, manifest; demonstrate	v4,p2385#01	p.839#20	p.975r3c08
諸	言+9	𢒕诸	zhū ㄓㄨ	The many, every. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Contraction of "之於": "It in". / Contraction of "之乎": "Is it?" / Modal particle.	v6,p3982#03	p.1172#04
掌	手+8	𤓯	zhǎng ㄓㄤˇ	palm of hand, sole of foot, paw	v3,p1889#02	p.437#05	p.579r3c02

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