Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Yue Ji -> 2

樂者，音之所由生也；	Music is (thus) the production of the modulations of the voice,
其本在人心之感於物也。	and its source is in the affections of the mind as it is influenced by (external) things.
是故其哀心感者，	When the mind is moved to sorrow,
其聲噍以殺。	the sound is sharp and fading away;
其樂心感者，	when it is moved to pleasure,
其聲嘽以緩。	the sound is slow and gentle;
其喜心感者，	when it is moved to joy,
其聲發以散。	the sound is exclamatory and soon disappears;
其怒心感者，	when it is moved to anger,
其聲粗以厲。	the sound is coarse and fierce;
其敬心感者，	when it is moved to reverence,
其聲直以廉。	the sound is straightforward, with an indication of humility;
其愛心感者，	when it is moved to love,
其聲和以柔。	the sound is harmonious and soft.
六者，非性也，	These six peculiarities of sound are not natural';
感於物而後動。	they indicate the impressions produced by (external) things.
是故先王慎所以感之者。	On this account the ancient kings were watchful in regard to the things by which the mind was affected.
故禮以道其志，	And so (they instituted) ceremonies to direct men's aims aright;
樂以和其聲，	music to give harmony to their voices;
政以一其行，	laws to unify their conduct;
刑以防其奸。	and punishments to guard against their tendencies to evil.
禮樂刑政，其極一也；	The end to which ceremonies, music, punishments, and laws conduct is one;
所以同民心而出治道也。	they are the instruments by which the minds of the people are assimilated, and good order in government is made to appear.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
樂	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Music. / Perform, play music. / Musical instrument. / The (now lost) classic of music. / Musician. / Yue, a surname.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
			lè ㄌㄜˋ	Happiness. / Make happy. / Fondness for, liking of. / Happy to, willing to. / Tranquil, contented. / Music and debauchery. / Le, a surname.
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
音	音+0		yīn yìn ㄧㄣㄧㄣˋ	sound, tone, pitch, pronunciation	v7,p4495#01	p.1396#25	p.1472r4c04
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
由	田+0		yóu ㄧㄡˊ	Do, carry out. / Cause to happen. / Unite. / Complete, realize. / Go through, pass. / Carry out orders, do as asked. / Follow. / Accord with. / Cause. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: from. / Preposition: to, with. / Appoint, employ. / Rely on, make use of. / Evidence, proof. / Go along with, listen to. / New growth of a tree around dead wood. / Recovery, revival. / Like, similar to. / Still, yet. / Naturally, by itself.	v4,p2524#02	p.757#01	p.910r2c01
			dí ㄉㄧˊ	Road. / Method, way.
生	生+0	𤯓	shēng ㄕㄥ	life, living, lifetime; birth	v4,p2575#01	p.754#26	p.906r5c03
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
本	木+1	夲楍㮺𡴡	běn ㄅㄣˇ	root, origin, source; basis	v2,p1151#01	p.509#07	p.666r3c01
在	土+3		zài ㄗㄞˋ	Exist, be alive. / Be in a certain place. / Inquire after, pay one's respects to. / Preposition: due to, being that. / Preposition: specifies location or time of an action - in, at.	v1,p0418#07	p.223#10	p.312r2c07
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
感	心+9	𢦡	gǎn ㄍㄢˇ	feel, perceive, emotion	v4,p2321#02	p.395#21	p.539r2c04
於	方+4	烏𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
物	牛+4		wù ㄨˋ	thing, substance, creature	v3,p1805#03	p.699#09	p.869r5c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
哀	口+6		āi ㄞ	sad, mournful, pitiful; pity	v1,p0620#10	p.188#11	p.270r4c01
聲	耳+11	殸声	shēng ㄕㄥ	sound, voice, noise; tone; music	v4,p2794#04	p.969#18	p.1085r3c01
噍	口+12		jiào jiāo ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄠ	chew; eat; munch	v1,p0684#10	p.208#27	p.290r5c04
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
殺	殳+7	殺煞𢁛𢽅𢿹𢽆𢼡𢿔𧤿杀	shā ㄕㄚ	Kill. / Corrupt, ruin. / Die. / Fight, kill each other.	v3,p2157#01	p.585#11	p.743r4c02
			shài ㄕㄞˋ	Wither, decline. / Decrease, reduce us of. / Decline, fall.
			sà ㄙㄚˋ	Dim, gloomy appearance.
嘽	口+12	啴	tān chǎn ㄊㄢㄔㄢˇ	pant; many	v1,p0683#05	p.207#34	p.290r4c05
緩	糸+9	𦅻缓	huǎn ㄏㄨㄢˇ	slow, leisurely; to postpone, delay	v5,p3429#10	p.931#12	p.1054r1c01
喜	口+9	憙憘𢐭歖	xǐ ㄒㄧˇ	like, love, enjoy; joyful thing	v1,p0649#02	p.199#05	p.283r6c03
發	癶+7	発发	fā fà bō ㄈㄚㄈㄚˋ ㄅㄛ	issue, dispatch, send out, emit	v4,p2761#04	p.784#10	p.925r2c01
散	攴+8	枚	sàn sǎn ㄙㄢˋ ㄙㄢˇ	scatter, disperse, break up	v2,p1465#15	p.472#34	p.605r4c03
怒	心+5	怒𢘂	nù ㄋㄨˋ	anger, rage, passion; angry	v4,p2282#03	p.380#08	p.525r5c06
粗	米+5	麄麤觕	cū ㄘㄨ	rough, thick, course; rude	v5,p3144#13	p.907#37	p.1025r5c01
厲	厂+13	历禲厉	lì ㄌㄧˋ	whetstone; grind, sharpen; whet	v1,p0077#17	p.163#09	p.231r3c41
敬	攴+9	𣀖𢿩	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	respect, honor; respectfully	v2,p1466#02	p.473#35	p.606r5c02
直	目+3	𣓟𣖴	zhí ㄓˊ	straight, erect, vertical	v1,p0061#07	p.800#05
廉	广+10	廉磏槏𢋯𢉧	lián ㄌㄧㄢˊ	upright, honorable, honest	v2,p0896#01	p.349#08	p.491r5c01
愛	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
和	口+5	龢咊惒	hé huò huó hè ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄜˋ	harmony, peace; peaceful, calm	v1,p0602#01	p.185#01	p.267r3c01
柔	木+5		róu ㄖㄡˊ	soft; gentle, pliant	v2,p1192#02	p.519#05	p.686r3c01
六	八+2	六陸	liù lù ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄌㄨˋ	number six	v1,p0241#09	p.127#01	p.154r5c01
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as 「誹(2)」 fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
性	心+5		xìng ㄒㄧㄥˋ	nature, character, sex	v4,p2286#04	p.381#24	p.527r1c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
後	彳+6	𨒥𢔏后	hòu ㄏㄡˋ	Behind, to the rear of. / To be left behind. / Later in time. / Future. / Descendents, offspring.	v2,p0822#03	p.366#18	p.511r2c01
動	力+9	㣫𨔝动	dòng ㄉㄨㄥˋ	move, happen; movement, action	v1,p0375#06	p.148#14	p.196r4c02
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	(1.1) 夏商周三代的最高統治者。 King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
慎	心+10	愼	shèn ㄕㄣˋ	act with care, be cautious	v4,p2336#02	p.398#26
禮	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
道	辵+9	𨕥衟𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
志	心+3	誌𢗍志	zhì ㄓˋ	purpose, will, determination; annals	v4,p2269#04	p.376#21	p.523r3c03
政	攴+4		zhèng zhēng ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥ	government, political affairs	v2,p1453#03	p.469#06	p.601r2c01
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
刑	刀+4		xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Punish. / Kill, put to death. / Harm, disaster. / Law, rules of punishment. / Rule by law. / A die used in casting. / A model, an example. / To emulate, imitate. / Achieve, establish. / Same as 「鉶」 xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Porcelain soup bowl. / Same as 「形(1.1)」 xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Body, thing with form. / Same as 「形(5)」 xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Exhibit, show.	v1,p0324#15	p.137#11	p.178r4c02
防	阜+4		fáng ㄈㄤˊ	defend; prevent; embankment	v6,p4118#01	p.1347#05	p.1415r1c03
奸	女+3	姦	jiān ㄐㄧㄢ	crafty, villainous, false	v2,p1025#01	p.255#04	p.378r1c01
極	木+9	极	jí ㄐㄧˊ	extreme, utmost, furthest, final	v2,p1240#10	p.542#02	p.710r4c03
同	口+3	仝衕	tóng tòng ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ	same, similar; together with	v1,p0578#01	p.175#06	p.252r1c01
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
出	凵+3	岀	chū ㄔㄨ	Go out, exit. / Outside, without. / Take up a post. / Exile, banish. / Abandon (one's wife). / Free, release. / Give out, hand over. / Give, offer. / Send out, distribute. / Exceed. / Appear, emerge. / Create, make. / Produce, cause to grow. / Bear, give birth. / Origin, place of birth. / Part of an object which extends outwards. / Measure word: times, occurrences. / Measure word: section.	v1,p0307#08	p.135#11	p.172r1c01
治	水+5	乿	zhì ㄓˋ	Rule, administer. / Well ruled, peaceful and orderly. / Punish, execute. / Cure, treat (an illness). / Prepare. / Construct. / Research, study.	v3,p1599#06	p.614#07	p.776r5c02

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