| Chinese Text Project |
| 臣 U+81E3 |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jiaguwen |  Jianbo | 𢘑 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 臣+ 0 strokes = 6 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.102#18 Kangxi: p.999#13 Cihai: p.1106r2c02 GSR: 377.a Hanyu: v4,p2801#01 |
| Composition: | Component of: 卧 𠈄 𠙉 𠡗 臤 臥 𭎏 𦣟 𭘍 𭰍 䢻 姫 𡇖 宦 弫 挋 𠱸 𢙞 𤇸 栕 [More] |
| Mandarin: | chén ㄔㄣˊ |
| Cantonese: | san4 |
| Tang reconstruction: | *zhin |
| Shuowen: | 《臣部》臣：牽也。事君也。象屈服之形。凡臣之屬皆从臣。 |
| Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上平聲·眞·辰》臣：伏也，男子賤稱春秋說曰正氣爲帝閒氣爲臣孝經說曰臣者堅也。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·臣部·臣部》臣：〔古文〕𢘑《唐韻》植鄰切《集韻》《韻會》丞眞切，𠀤音辰。事人之稱。《說文》臣，牽也，事君也。象屈服之形。《白虎通》臣者，纏也，勵志自堅固也。《廣韻》伏也。仕於公曰臣，任於家曰僕。《易·序卦》有父子，然後有君臣，有君臣，然後有上下。《詩·小雅》率土之濱，莫非王臣。又《前漢·王陵傳》陳平謝曰：主臣。《註》文穎曰：惶恐之辭，猶今言死罪。晉灼曰：主，擊也。臣，服也。言其擊服。惶恐之辭。《通雅》發語敬謝之辭，猶主在上，臣在下，自然敬恐也。又姓。《奇姓通》唐臣悅，著平陳紀。又《韻補》叶音禪。《道藏歌》躋景西那東，肆覲善因緣。常融無地官，皆是聖皇臣。 |
| Fanqie: | 植鄰 (《廣韻·上平聲·眞·辰》) |
| Unihan definition: | minister, statesman, official |
Example usage
| 《論語·八佾》: | 定公問：「君使臣，臣事君，如之何？」 |
| The duke Ding asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. | |
| 《孟子·盡心上》: | 人莫大焉亡親戚、君臣、上下。 |
| A man can have no greater crimes than to disown his parents and relatives, and the relations of sovereign and minister, superiors and inferiors. | |
| 《禮記·緇衣》: | 臣儀行，不重辭，不援其所不及，不煩其所不知，則君不勞矣。 |
| When the ministers are exemplary in their conduct, and do not set a value on (fine) speeches; when they do not try to lead (the ruler) to what is unattainable, and do not trouble him with what cannot be (fully) known, then he is not toiled. | |
| 《孝經·諫諍》: | 昔者天子有爭臣七人，雖無道，不失其天下。 |
| Anciently, if the Son of Heaven had seven ministers who would remonstrate with him, although he had not right methods of government, he would not lose his possession of the kingdom. | |
| 《揚子法言·序》: | 仲尼以來，國君將相，卿士名臣，參差不齊，一概諸聖，譔《重黎》。 |
| Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms, generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous officials have been variously and non-uniformly judged. I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li." | |
| 《墨子·經上》: | 君，臣萌通約也。 |
| The jun (ruler) is the common knot tying ministers and people. | |
| 《莊子·齊物論》: | 如是皆有，為臣妾乎，其臣妾不足以相治乎。 |
| Is it not the case that they all perform the part of your servants and waiting women? All of them being such, are they not incompetent to rule one another? | |
| 《道德經》: | 國家昏亂，有忠臣。 |
| When the states and clans fell into disorder, loyal ministers appeared. | |
| 《商君書·更法》: | 錯法務明主長，臣之行也。 |
| To shape the laws and to see to it that an intelligent ruler reigns, are the tasks of a minister. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 君人者不可以不慎取臣，匹夫不可不慎取友。 |
| 《說苑·君道》: | 屢省考績，以臨臣下。 |
| 《春秋繁露·玉杯》: | 父不父則子不子，君不君則臣不臣耳。 |
| 《韓詩外傳·卷一》: | 天子不得而臣也，諸侯不得而友也。 |
| 《大戴禮記·主言》: | 明主篤行三至，故天下之君可得而知也，天下之士可得而臣也，天下之民可得而用也。 |
| 《白虎通德論·爵》: | 《中候》曰：「天子臣放勳。」 |
| 《新書·大政下》: | 故國豐且富，然後君樂也，忠臣之功也。 |
| 《新序·善謀下》: | 歲餘，上欲廢太子，立戚氏夫人子趙王如意，大臣多爭，未能得堅決者也。 |
| 《中論·虛道》: | 昔衛武公年過九十，猶夙夜不怠，思聞訓道，命其群臣曰：「無謂我老耄而舍我，必朝夕交戒。」 |
| 《孔子家語·相魯》: | 今合之，所以掩夫子之不臣。 |
| 《潛夫論·務本》: | 人臣者，以忠正為本，以媚愛為末。 |
| 《論衡·命義》: | 及長，置以賢師良傅，教君臣、父子之道。 |
| 《太玄經·中》: | 測曰，「酋酋」之「包」、任臣則也。 |
| 《風俗通義·三王》: | 時尚臣屬，何緣便得列三王哉 |
| 《孔叢子·論書》: | 孔子曰：「古之王者，臣有大功，死，則必祀之於廟，所以殊有績、勸忠勤也。」 |
| 《申鑒·政體》: | 其功格宇宙，粵有虎臣亂政，時亦惟荒圯湮，茲洪軌儀，鑒于三代之典，王允迪厥德，功業有尚。 |
| 《忠經·天地神明章》: | 至理之時，君臣同德，則休氣應也。 |
| 《素書·原始章》: | 若時至而行，則能極人臣之位。 |
| 《新語·道基》: | 於是先聖乃仰觀天文，俯察地理，圖畫乾坤，以定人道，民始開悟，知有父子之親，君臣之義，夫婦之道，長幼之序。 |
| 《獨斷·卷上》: | 漢天子正號曰「皇帝」，自稱曰「朕」，臣民稱之曰「陛下」，其言曰「制詔」，史官記事曰「上」。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 孝武帝幸館陶公主家，召見董偃，偃傅青褠綠幘，主贊曰：主家庖人臣偃昧死再拜謁，上為之起，乃賜衣冠，引上殿。 |
| 《列子·黃帝》: | 心如淵泉，形如處女，不偎不愛，仙聖為之臣。 |
| 《鶡冠子·天則》: | 九皇之制，主不虛王，臣不虛貴階級。 |
| 《文子·精誠》: | 君臣乖心，倍譎見于天，神氣相應，微矣，此謂不言之辯，不道之道也。 |
| 《文始真經·三極》: | 關尹子曰：「聖人師蜂，立君臣。」 |
| 《列仙傳·黃帝》: | 自擇亡日，與群臣辭。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 國家昏亂，有忠臣。 |
| 《韓非子·初見秦》: | 臣聞不知而言不智，知而不言不忠，為人臣不忠當死，言而不當亦當死。 |
| 《申不害·大體》: | 一臣專君，群臣皆蔽。 |
| 《慎子·因循》: | 是故先王見不受祿者不臣，祿不厚者，不與入難。 |
| 《諫逐客書》: | 秦宗室大臣皆言秦王曰：「諸侯人來事秦者，大抵為其主游閒於秦耳，請一切逐客。」 |
| 《管子·輕重己》: | 以春日至始，數四十六日，春盡而夏始，天子服黃而靜處，朝諸侯卿大夫列士，循於百姓，發號出令曰：「毋聚大眾，毋行大火，毋斷大木，誅大臣，毋斬大山，毋戮大衍，滅三大而國有害也。」 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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