| 寡 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.1): 少。 Few.
| 《·》: | 君實欲民之眾而惡其寡，當蓄私不可不節。 | | If the rulers sincerely desire the population to be large and hate to see it small, they must not indulge in retaining too many women. | | 《·》: | 曰：「然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。」 | | Yes - and so it is certain that a small country cannot contend with a great, that few cannot contend with many, that the weak cannot contend with the strong. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.2): 缺少，減少。 Lack, reduce.
| 《》: | 夫輕諾必寡信，多易必多難。 | | He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.1): 婦人喪夫，寡婦。 A widow; be widowed.
| 《》: | 是時卓王孫有女文君新寡，好音，故相如繆與令相重，而以琴心挑之。 | | 《》: | 是其為人，哀鰥寡，卹孤獨，振困窮，補不足。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.2): 男子無妻或喪偶。 A widower or unmarried man.
| 《·》: | 宮無拘女，故天下無寡夫。 | | And as women were not kept within the palace (to be spinsters) there were few bachelors in the empire. | | 《》: | 齊崔杼生成，及彊，而寡。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (3): 諸侯王自稱的謙辭。 Modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers.
| 《》: | 是以侯王自稱孤、寡、不穀。 | | Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,' 'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' | | 《·》: | 傲小物而志屬於大，似無勇而未可恐狼，執固橫敢而不可辱害，臨患涉難而處義不越，南面稱寡而不以侈大，今日君民而欲服海外，節物甚高而細利弗賴，耳目遺俗而可與定世，富貴弗就而貧賤弗朅，德行尊理而羞用巧衛，寬裕不訾而中心甚厲，難動以物而必不妄折。 |
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| 寡君 |
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guǎ jūn ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄩㄣ : 臣子對別國稱呼自己國君的謙辭。 Respectful term used by ministers to refer to their own ruler when speaking to another state.
| 《·》: | 市南子曰：「少君之費，寡君之欲，雖無糧而乃足。」 | | The officer said, 'Minimise your lordship's expenditure, and make your wants few, and though you have no provisions prepared, you will find you have enough.' | | 《·》: | 諸侯使人使於諸侯，使者自稱曰寡君之老。 | | When one prince sends a message to another, the messenger speaks of himself as 'the ancient of my poor ruler.' | | 《·》: | 叔孫穆子趨進曰：「諸侯之會，寡君未嘗後衛君也。」 | | 《·》: | 寡君失社稷，越在草茅，百姓離散，夫婦男女，不遑啟處，使下臣告急。 | | 《·》: | 晉小將韓厥伏齊侯車前，曰「寡君使臣救魯、衛」 | | 《》: | 州吁未能和其民，厚問定君於石子，石子曰，王覲為可，曰，何以得覲，曰，陳桓公方有寵於王，陳衛方睦，若朝陳使請，必可得也，厚從州吁如陳，石碏使告于陳曰，衛國褊小，老夫耄矣，無能為也，此二人者，實弒寡君，敢即圖之，陳人執之，而請蒞于衛，九月，衛人使右宰醜，蒞殺州吁于濮，石碏使其宰獳羊肩，蒞殺石厚于陳，君子曰，石碏，純臣也，惡州吁而厚與焉，大義滅親，其是之謂乎。 |
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| 寡人 |
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guǎ rén ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ : 寡德之人。古代諸侯王的謙稱。 "Man of little virtue", modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers of the states of Zhou.
| 《·》: | 今天下為政者，其所以寡人之道多，其使民勞，其籍歛厚，民財不足，凍餓死者不可勝數也 | | Those who govern the empire to-day diminish the people in more ways than one: Employing the people they exhaust them, levying taxes they make them heavy. People fall into poverty and innumerable persons die of hunger and cold. | | 《·》: | 梁惠王曰：「寡人之於國也，盡心焉耳矣」 | | King Hui of Liang said, 'Small as my virtue is, in the government of my kingdom, I do indeed exert my mind to the utmost.' | | 《·》: | 寡人召而觀之，果以惡駭天下。 | | I called him, and saw him. Certainly he was ugly enough to scare the whole world. | | 《·》: | 其與民言，自稱曰寡人。 | | He speaks of himself to the people as 'the man of little virtue.' | | 《·》: | 先君之思、以勗寡人。 | | In thinking of our deceased lord, She stimulated worthless me. | | 《·》: | 屈產之乘，寡人之駿馬也。 |
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