寡 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.1): 少。 Few.
《·》: | 君實欲民之眾而惡其寡,當蓄私不可不節。 | If the rulers sincerely desire the population to be large and hate to see it small, they must not indulge in retaining too many women. | 《·》: | 曰:「然則小固不可以敵大,寡固不可以敵眾,弱固不可以敵彊。」 | Yes - and so it is certain that a small country cannot contend with a great, that few cannot contend with many, that the weak cannot contend with the strong. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.2): 缺少,減少。 Lack, reduce.
《》: | 夫輕諾必寡信,多易必多難。 | He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.1): 婦人喪夫,寡婦。 A widow; be widowed.
《》: | 是時卓王孫有女文君新寡,好音,故相如繆與令相重,而以琴心挑之。 | 《》: | 是其為人,哀鰥寡,卹孤獨,振困窮,補不足。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.2): 男子無妻或喪偶。 A widower or unmarried man.
《·》: | 宮無拘女,故天下無寡夫。 | And as women were not kept within the palace (to be spinsters) there were few bachelors in the empire. | 《》: | 齊崔杼生成,及彊,而寡。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (3): 諸侯王自稱的謙辭。 Modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers.
《》: | 是以侯王自稱孤、寡、不穀。 | Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,' 'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' | 《·》: | 傲小物而志屬於大,似無勇而未可恐狼,執固橫敢而不可辱害,臨患涉難而處義不越,南面稱寡而不以侈大,今日君民而欲服海外,節物甚高而細利弗賴,耳目遺俗而可與定世,富貴弗就而貧賤弗朅,德行尊理而羞用巧衛,寬裕不訾而中心甚厲,難動以物而必不妄折。 |
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寡君 |
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guǎ jūn ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄩㄣ : 臣子對別國稱呼自己國君的謙辭。 Respectful term used by ministers to refer to their own ruler when speaking to another state.
《·》: | 市南子曰:「少君之費,寡君之欲,雖無糧而乃足。」 | The officer said, 'Minimise your lordship's expenditure, and make your wants few, and though you have no provisions prepared, you will find you have enough.' | 《·》: | 諸侯使人使於諸侯,使者自稱曰寡君之老。 | When one prince sends a message to another, the messenger speaks of himself as 'the ancient of my poor ruler.' | 《·》: | 叔孫穆子趨進曰:「諸侯之會,寡君未嘗後衛君也。」 | 《·》: | 寡君失社稷,越在草茅,百姓離散,夫婦男女,不遑啟處,使下臣告急。 | 《·》: | 晉小將韓厥伏齊侯車前,曰「寡君使臣救魯、衛」 | 《》: | 州吁未能和其民,厚問定君於石子,石子曰,王覲為可,曰,何以得覲,曰,陳桓公方有寵於王,陳衛方睦,若朝陳使請,必可得也,厚從州吁如陳,石碏使告于陳曰,衛國褊小,老夫耄矣,無能為也,此二人者,實弒寡君,敢即圖之,陳人執之,而請蒞于衛,九月,衛人使右宰醜,蒞殺州吁于濮,石碏使其宰獳羊肩,蒞殺石厚于陳,君子曰,石碏,純臣也,惡州吁而厚與焉,大義滅親,其是之謂乎。 |
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寡人 |
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guǎ rén ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ : 寡德之人。古代諸侯王的謙稱。 "Man of little virtue", modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers of the states of Zhou.
《·》: | 今天下為政者,其所以寡人之道多,其使民勞,其籍歛厚,民財不足,凍餓死者不可勝數也 | Those who govern the empire to-day diminish the people in more ways than one: Employing the people they exhaust them, levying taxes they make them heavy. People fall into poverty and innumerable persons die of hunger and cold. | 《·》: | 梁惠王曰:「寡人之於國也,盡心焉耳矣」 | King Hui of Liang said, 'Small as my virtue is, in the government of my kingdom, I do indeed exert my mind to the utmost.' | 《·》: | 寡人召而觀之,果以惡駭天下。 | I called him, and saw him. Certainly he was ugly enough to scare the whole world. | 《·》: | 其與民言,自稱曰寡人。 | He speaks of himself to the people as 'the man of little virtue.' | 《·》: | 先君之思、以勗寡人。 | In thinking of our deceased lord, She stimulated worthless me. | 《·》: | 屈產之乘,寡人之駿馬也。 |
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