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Chinese Text Project
天
U+5929
Seal script
Jinwen
Jiaguwen
Jianbo		兲
Semantic variant		靝
Semantic variant		𠀘
Semantic variant		𠀡
Semantic variant		𠕹
Semantic variant		𦴞
Semantic variant

Radical:大+ 1 strokes = 4 strokes total.
References:Guangyun: p.133#14 Kangxi: p.248#04 Cihai: p.358r4c01 GSR: 361.a Hanyu: v1,p0522#01
Composition:Top: 一, bottom: 大. Compositionally related: 𡗓 . Component of: 𡗘 关 𫢋 𠕹 𡗣 𠇄 𪟩 𢓍 𢎾 𬻊 吞 𫭛 吴 𫯝 忝 𭕇 𭗽 𮤮 𬮜 𡛌 [More]
Mandarin:tiān ㄊㄧㄢ
Cantonese:tin1
Tang reconstruction:*ten
Shuowen:《一部》天：顚也。至高無上，从一、大。
Guangyun:《廣韻·下平聲·先·天》天：上𤣥也。《說文》曰：顚也，至髙無上从一大也。《爾雅》云：春爲蒼天夏爲昊天秋爲旻天冬爲上天。他前切。六。
Kangxi:《康熙字典·大部·大部》天：〔古文〕𠕹𠀡𠀘𦴞兲《唐韻》《正韻》他前切《集韻》《韻會》他年切，𠀤腆平聲。《說文》顚也。至高在上，从一大也。《白虎通》鎭也，居高理下，爲物鎭也。《易·說卦》乾爲天。《禮·禮運》天秉陽，垂日星。荀子曰：天無實形，地之上至虛者皆天也。邵子曰：自然之外別無天。《程子遺書》天之蒼蒼，豈是天之形。視下亦復如是。《張子正蒙》天左旋，處其中者順之，少遲則反右矣。《朱子·語類》離騷有九天之說，諸家妄解云有九天。據某觀之，只是九重。蓋天運行有許多重數，裏面重數較軟，在外則漸硬，想到第九重成硬殻相似，那裏轉得愈緊矣。○按天形如卵白。細察卵白，其中之絪縕融密處確有七重，第八重白膜稍硬，最後九重便成硬殻。可見朱子體象造化之妙。今西洋曆說，天一層緩似一層，此七政退旋，所以有遲速也。又星名。《爾雅·釋天》天，根氐也。《周語》天根見而水涸。又古帝號。葛天氏，見《疏仡紀》。又神名。《山海經》形天與帝爭神，帝斷其首，乃以乳爲目，臍爲口，操干戚以舞。形一作𠛬。《陶潛詩》𠛬天舞干戚，猛志故常在。或作獸名，非。又地名。《蜀地志》蜀卭僰山後四野，無晴日，曰漏天。《杜甫詩》地近漏天終歲雨。又山名。《九州要記》凉州古武城有天山，黃帝受金液神丹于此。一曰在伊州。《註》天山，卽祁連山。又天，樂名。鈞天廣樂，見《史記·趙世家》。又署名。《唐六典》內閣惟祕書閣，宏壯曰木天。今翰林院稱木天署。又景天，草名。《陶弘景曰》以盆盛，置屋上，辟火灾。又髡𠛬。《易·暌𧰼》其人天且劓。又姓。漢長社令天高。見《姓苑》。○按先韻，古與眞文通，故天字皆从鐵因反。考之經史皆然，惟《易》六位時成，時乘六龍以御天，與庚靑通耳。《正字通》謂，至尊莫如天，天以下又莫如君父，字音必不可僭易攺叶，所論頗正大。𠀑，武后所造天字，似篆文天。
Fanqie:他前 (《廣韻·下平聲·先·天》)
Unihan definition:sky, heaven; god, celestial

CTP Dictionary


天鳳
tiān fèng ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄥˋ : Tian Feng, 2nd era of Wang Mang, styled Jujun, founder of the Xin dynasty. (王莽), 14 AD-19 AD

《漢書·律曆志下》:始建國五年，天鳳六年，地皇三年，著紀盜位十四年。
《東觀漢記·樊崇》:王莽天鳳五年，樊崇起兵於莒。
《後漢書》:王莽天鳳中，乃之長安，受尚書，略通大義。

天子
tiān zǐ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ : 對最高統治者的尊稱。 Son of Heaven, title of the supreme ruler.
《論語·八佾》:子曰：「『相維辟公，天子穆穆』」
The Master said, "'Assisting are the princes; the son of heaven looks profound and grave
《孟子·梁惠王下》:天子適諸侯曰巡狩，巡狩者巡所守也。
When the Son of Heaven visited the princes, it was called a tour of inspection, that is, be surveyed the States under their care.
《莊子·人間世》:與天為徒者，知天子之與己皆天之所子，而獨以己言蘄乎而人善之，蘄乎而人不善之邪？
When I thus speak of being a co-worker with Heaven, it is because I know that (the sovereign, whom we style) the son of Heaven, and myself, are equally regarded by Heaven as Its sons. And should I then, as if my words were only my own, be seeking to find whether men approved of them, or disapproved of them?
《史記·五帝本紀》:而諸侯咸尊軒轅為天子，代神農氏，是為黃帝。
The princes all agreed that Xuanyuan should be the Emperor in place of Shennong, under the title Huangdi.
《禮記·曲禮上》:為天子削瓜者副之，巾以絺。
He who pares a melon for the son of Heaven should divide it into four parts and then into eight, and cover them with a napkin of fine linen.
《道德經》:故立天子，置三公，雖有拱璧以先駟馬，不如坐進此道。
Therefore when the sovereign occupies his place as the Son of Heaven, and he has appointed his three ducal ministers, though (a prince) were to send in a round symbol-of-rank large enough to fill both the hands, and that as the precursor of the team of horses (in the court-yard), such an offering would not be equal to (a lesson of) this Dao, which one might present on his knees.

天下
tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ : 世界。 "All under heaven", the world.
《墨子·經說上》:義：志以天下為芬，而能能利之，不必用。
In intent, he takes the whole world as his field; in ability, he is able to benefit it. He is not necessarily employed.
《論語·八佾》:知其說者之於天下也，其如示諸斯乎！
He who knew its meaning would find it as easy to govern the kingdom as to look on this
《孟子·梁惠王上》:王無罪歲，斯天下之民至焉。
Let your Majesty cease to lay the blame on the year, and instantly from all the nation the people will come to you.
《莊子·逍遙遊》:堯讓天下於許由，曰：「日月出矣，而爝火不息，其於光也，不亦難乎！」
Yao, proposing to resign the throne to Xu You, said, 'When the sun and moon have come forth, if the torches have not been put out, would it not be difficult for them to give light?'
《史記·五帝本紀》:天下有不順者，黃帝從而征之，平者去之，披山通道，未嘗寧居。
Those in the empire who would not submit, Huangdi pursued and chastised, and when they were subdued he left them. He made cuttings in hills, opened roads, and was never at rest.
《禮記·曲禮下》:君天下，曰天子。
As ruling over all, under the sky, (the king) is called 'The son of Heaven.'
[Show proper names]

Example usage

《論語·為政》:子曰：「吾十有五而志于學，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不踰矩。」
The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right."
《孟子·盡心下》:仁人無敵於天下。
The benevolent man has no enemy under heaven.
《禮記·三年問》:凡生天地之間者，有血氣之屬必有知，有知之屬莫不知愛其類。
All living creatures between heaven and earth, being endowed with blood and breath, have a certain amount of knowledge. Possessing that amount of knowledge, there is not one of them but knows to love its species.
《孝經·感應》:子曰：「昔者明王事父孝，故事天明。」
The Master said, "Anciently, the intelligent kings served their fathers with filial piety, and therefore they served Heaven with intelligence."
《揚子法言·序》:天降生民，倥侗顓蒙，恣乎情性，聰明不開，訓諸理，譔《學行》。
When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped. To teach them the proper principles, I have written "Learning and Practice."
《莊子·逍遙遊》:怒而飛，其翼若垂天之雲。
When this bird rouses itself and flies, its wings are like clouds all round the sky.
《道德經》:無名天地之始。
(Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven and earth.
《商君書·更法》:今吾欲變法以治，更禮以教百姓，恐天下之議我也。
I intend, now, to alter the laws, so as to obtain orderly government, and to reform the rites, so as to teach the people; but I am afraid the empire will criticize me.
《孫子兵法·始計》:故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情，一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.
《荀子·大略》:國法禁拾遺，惡民之串以無分得也，有夫分義，則容天下而治。
《說苑·君道》:聖人寡為而天下理矣。
《春秋繁露·玉杯》:《春秋》之法，以人隨君，以君隨天。
《韓詩外傳·卷一》:子貢曰：「吾、北鄙之人也，將南之楚，逢天之暑，思心潭潭，願乞一飲，以表我心。」
《大戴禮記·主言》:昔者舜左禹而右皋陶，不下席而天下治。
《白虎通德論·爵》:天子者，爵稱也。
《新書·脩政語下》:雖治天下者，由此而已。
《新序·善謀下》:留侯曰：「始上數在困急之中，幸用臣，今天下安定，以愛幼欲易太子骨肉間。」
《中論·治學》:亟聞天下之大言，則志益廣。
《孔子家語·相魯》:孔子對曰：「雖天下可乎！」
《潛夫論·讚學》:天地之所貴者人也，聖人之所尚者義也，德義之所成者智也，明智之所求者學問也。
《論衡·命義》:行惡者禍隨而至，而盜跖、莊蹻，橫行天下，聚黨數千，攻奪人物，斷斬人身，無道甚矣，宜遇其禍，乃以壽終。
《太玄經·玄首都序》:玄，渾行無窮正象天。
《風俗通義》:風者、天氣有寒煖，地形有險易，水泉有美惡，草木有剛柔也。
《孔叢子·廣名》:請天子命曰未可以戚先王，請諸侯命曰未可以近先君，請大夫命曰未可以從先子。
《申鑒·政體》: 聖漢統天，惟宗時亮。
《忠經·天地神明章》:昔在至理，上下一德，以徵天休，忠之道也。
《新語·道基》:傳曰：「天生萬物，以地養之，聖人成之。」
《獨斷·卷上》:漢天子正號曰「皇帝」，自稱曰「朕」，臣民稱之曰「陛下」，其言曰「制詔」，史官記事曰「上」。
《蔡中郎集·獨斷》:帝謚：違拂不成曰隱，靖民則法曰黃，翼善傳聖曰堯，仁聖盛明曰舜，殘人多壘曰桀，殘義損善曰紂，慈惠愛親曰孝，愛民好與曰惠，聖善同文曰宣，聲聞宣遠曰昭，克定禍亂曰武，聰明睿智曰獻，溫柔聖善曰懿，布德執義曰穆，仁義說民曰元，安仁立政曰神，布綱治紀曰平，亂而不損曰靈，保民耆艾曰明，辟土有德曰襄，貞心大度曰匡，大慮慈民曰定，知過能改曰恭，不生其國曰聲，一德不懈曰簡，夙興夜寐曰敬，清白自守曰貞，柔德好眾曰靖，安樂治民曰康，小心畏忌曰僖，中身早折曰悼，慈仁和民曰順，好勇致力曰莊，恭人短折曰哀，在國逢難曰愍，名實過爽曰繆，壅遏不通曰幽，暴虐無親曰厲，致志大圖曰景，辟土兼國曰桓，經緯天地曰文，執義揚善曰懷，短折不成曰殤，去禮遠眾曰煬，怠政外交曰攜，治典不敷曰祈。
《墨子·經下》:鑑團，景一天，而必正1，說在得。
《魯勝墨辯注敘》:同異生是非，是非生吉凶，取辯於一物，而原極天下之汙隆，名之至也。
《列子·天瑞》:玄牝之門，是謂天地之根。
《鶡冠子·博選》:道凡四稽：一曰天，二曰地，三曰人，四曰命。
《文子·道原》:老子曰：「有物混成，先天地生，惟象無形，窈窈冥冥，寂寥淡漠，不聞其聲，吾強為之名，字之曰道。」
《文始真經·一宇》:天物怒流，人事錯錯然。
《列仙傳·馬師皇》:振躍天漢，粲有遺蔚。
《鬻子》:昔者五帝之治天下也，其道昭昭若日月之明然，若以晝代夜然。
《老子河上公章句》:無名，天地之始。
《韓非子·初見秦》:臣聞天下陰燕陽魏，連荊固齊，收韓而成從，將西面以與秦強為難，臣竊笑之。
《申不害·大體》:故善為主者，倚於愚，立於不盈，設於不敢，藏於無事，竄端匿疏，示天下無為。
《慎子·威德》:天有明，不憂人之暗也。

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