| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 塗 U+5857 |  Seal script | 凃 Alternate form | 涂 Simplified character |
| Radical: | 土+ 10 strokes = 13 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.82#33 p.168#39 Kangxi: p.235#20 Cihai: p.326r3c02 GSR: 82.d' Hanyu: v1,p0474#08 |
| Composition: | Top: 涂, bottom: 土. |
| Mandarin: | tú ㄊㄨˊ |
| Cantonese: | tou4 |
| Tang reconstruction: | *dho |
| Shuowen: | 《土部》涂：泥也。从土涂声。 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·上平声·模·徒》涂：涂泥也，路也，亦姓风俗通云汉谏议大夫涂禅。 《广韵·下平声·麻·𡨀》涂：涂饰。又音徒。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·土部·十》涂：《广韵》《集韵》《韵会》《正韵》𠀤同都切，音徒。泥也。《书·禹贡》涂泥。见土字注。又《尔雅·释诂》路旅，涂也。《张衡·西京赋》参涂夷庭。《注》参涂，郭门之三道。《潘岳·藉田赋》啓四涂之广阡。又杜也，杜塞孔穴也。《书·梓材》惟其涂墍茨。《诗·小雅》如涂涂附。又污也。《庄子·让王篇》夷齐曰：周以涂吾身。不如避之以洁吾行。又厚貌。《楚辞·九叹》白露纷以涂涂。《谢朓·酬王晋诗》涂涂晚露稀。又《礼·檀弓》菆涂龙輴以椁。又涂车，明器也。《礼·檀弓》涂车刍灵。自古有之。又糊涂，不分晓也。《宋史·吕端传》太宗欲相端，或言端爲人糊涂。帝曰：端小事糊涂，大事不糊涂。又涂乙，攺窜也。《隋百官志》给事中掌侍左右分判省事，诏敕有不便者，涂窜奏还，谓之涂归。《李义山韩𥓓诗》点窜尧典舜典字，涂攺淸庙生民诗。又涂山，国名。在寿春界巢县东北。《书·益稷》娶于涂山。《连山易》禹娶涂山氏女，名攸。《史记·夏本纪》禹会诸侯涂山，今山前有禹会村。《苏轼·有禹会村诗》。俗谓涂山在会稽，渝州，濠州，当涂，九江，及三巴之江州，𠀤非。又山名。《山海经》天帝山之西南曰臯涂之山。又三涂，太行轘辕崤渑也。《马融·广成颂》右矕三涂。左槩嵩岳。矕视也。又姓。见《统谱》。又《集韵》徒故切，音渡。《张衡·思玄赋》云师𩅾以交集兮，冻雨沛其洒涂。𨏢雕舆而树葩兮，扰应龙以服路。又《广韵》宅加切《集韵》直加切，𠀤音茶。沮洳也。一曰饰也。《前汉·东方朔传》谐语曰：老柏涂。《柳宗元诗》善幻迷冰火，齐谐笑柏涂。东门牛屡饭，中散虱空爬。又叶他鲁切，音土。《史记·龟厕传》周流天下，还复其所。上至苍天，下薄泥涂。 考证：〔又三涂，太行轘辕崤渑也。〕谨照集韵轘改轘。〔《马融·广成颂》左矕三涂。右槩嵩岳。矕音盻。〕谨照原文左矕改右矕。右槩改左槩。又盻与矕不同音，照原注音盻改视也。〔《柳宗元诗》东门半屡饭，中散虱空爬。〕谨照原文半改牛。 |
| Fanqie: | 同都 (《广韵·上平声·模·徒》) 宅加 (《广韵·下平声·麻·𡨀》) |
| Unihan definition: | smear, daub, apply, spread; paint |
Example usage
| 《论语·阳货》: | 孔子时其亡也，而往拜之，遇诸涂。 |
| Who, having chosen a time when Huo was not at home, went to pay his respects for the gift. He met him, however, on the way. | |
| 《孟子·万章下》: | 思与乡人处，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭也。 |
| He considered his being in the same place with a villager, as if he were to sit amid mud and coals with his court robes and court cap. | |
| 《礼记·檀弓下》: | 涂车、刍灵，自古有之，明器之道也 |
| From of old there were the carriages of clay and the figures of straw, in accordance with the idea in these vessels in imagination. | |
| 《扬子法言》: | 荧魂旷枯，糟莩旷沈，掷埴索涂，冥行而已矣。 |
| Once the spirit is withered and vision has been destroyed, like a blind man using a walking stick to poke at the ground to find the road, you simply walk in darkness. | |
| 《墨子·七患》: | 故凶饥存乎国，人君彻鼎食五分之三1，大夫彻县，士不入学，君朝之衣不革制，诸侯之客，四邻之使，雍飧2而不盛，彻骖騑，涂不芸，马不食粟，婢妾不衣帛，此告不足之至也。 |
| Therefore when famine and dearth visit a country, the ruler will omit three from the five items of sacrifice, the officials will suspend the courts, and the scholars will not go to school and the lord will not put on his robe to give audience. Even envoys from other feudal lords and messengers from neighbouring states are entertained with cooked food only, and it is not sumptuous. The side-horses of the carriage-team are done away with and the walks (in the palace) are not weeded. Neither are the horses fed with grains, nor are the concubines and maids clothed with silk. And this is the sign of extreme scarcity. | |
| 《庄子·逍遥游》: | 其大本拥肿而不中绳墨，其小枝卷曲而不中规矩，立之涂，匠者不顾。 |
| Its trunk swells out to a large size, but is not fit for a carpenter to apply his line to it; its smaller branches are knotted and crooked, so that the disk and square cannot be used on them. Though planted on the wayside, a builder would not turn his head to look at it. | |
| 《商君书·画策》: | 国之所以取爵禄者多涂，亡国。 |
| If the roads to the acquirement of titles and emoluments are many, ruin will ensue. | |
| 《诗经·出车》: | 今我来思、雨雪载涂。 |
| Now that we are returning, The snow falls, and the roads are all mire. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 倍畔之人，明君不内，朝士大夫遇诸涂不与言。 |
| 《说苑·辨物》: | 柏常骞出，遭晏子于涂，拜马前，辞曰：“骞为君禳枭而杀之，君谓骞曰：子之道若此其明也，亦能益寡人寿乎？” |
| 《韩诗外传·卷一》: | 虽居乡里，若坐涂炭。 |
| 《大戴礼记·夏小正》: | 寒日涤冻涂。 |
| 《白虎通德论·三教》: | 涂车羞灵，自古有之。 |
| 《新书·礼》: | 岁凶，谷不登，台扉不涂，榭彻干侯，马不食谷，驰道不除，食减膳，飨祭有阙。 |
| 《新序·善谋下》: | 今陛下起丰击沛，收卒三千人，以之径往卷蜀汉，定三秦，与项羽大战七十，小战四十，使天下民肝脑涂地，父子暴骨中野，不可胜数，哭泣之声未绝，伤夷者未收，而欲比隆成康周公之时，臣窃以为不侔矣。 |
| 《中论·治学》: | 故《书》曰：“若作梓材，既勤朴斫，惟其涂丹雘。” |
| 《孔子家语·相鲁》: | 长幼异食，强弱异任，男女别涂。 |
| 《潜夫论·赞学》: | 当世学士恒以万计，而究涂者无数十焉，其故何也？ |
| 《论衡·幸偶》: | 均之土也，或基殿堂，或涂轩户。 |
| 《太玄经·羡》: | 初一，羡于初，其次迂涂。 |
| 《风俗通义》: | 何有忘百姓涂炭之急，便乃光昭旧交之门乎？ |
| 《申鉴·政体》: | 教化之行，引中人而纳于君子之涂，是谓章化。 |
| 《蔡中郎集》: | 三事：夫求贤之道未必一涂，或以德显，或以言扬。 |
| 《列子·周穆王》: | 顺涂而咏其事。 |
| 《文子·上德》: | 倾易覆也，倚易翻也，几易助也，湿易雨也，兰芷以芳，不得见霜，蟾蜍涂兵，寿在五月之望，精泄者中易残，华非时者不可食。 |
| 《列仙传·方回》: | 时人言，得回一丸泥涂门，户终不可开。 |
| 《韩非子·孤愤》: | 是智法之士与当涂之人，不可两存之仇也。 |
| 《慎子·逸文》: | 为毳者，患涂之泥也。 |
| 《管子·度地》: | 当冬三月，天地闭藏，暑雨止，大寒起，万物实熟，利以填塞空郤，缮边城，涂郭术，平度量，正权衡，虚牢狱，实廥仓，君修乐，与神明相望，凡一年之事毕矣，举有功，赏贤，罚有罪，颉有司之吏而第之。 |
| 《六韬·励军》: | 出隘塞，犯泥涂，将必先下步，名曰力将。 |
| 《淮南子·齐俗训》: | 故伊尹之兴土功也，修胫者使之跖镢，强脊者使之负土，眇者使之准，伛者使之涂，各有所宜，而人性齐矣。 |
| 《吕氏春秋·适威》: | 故民之于上也，若玺之于涂也，抑之以方则方，抑之以圜则圜。 |
| 《邓析子·无厚》: | 夫负重者患涂远，据贵者忧民离。 |
| 《史记·孔子世家》: | 男女行者别于涂。 |
| 《春秋左传》: | 齐人执陈辕涛涂。 |
| 《逸周书·度邑解》: | 旦，我图夷兹殷，其惟依天，室其有宪，命求兹无远，天有求，绎相我不难，自雒汭延于伊汭，居易无固，其有夏之居，我南望过于三涂，我北望过于岳鄙，顾瞻过于有河，宛瞻延于伊雒，无远天室，其名兹曰度邑。 |
| 《晏子春秋》: | 公从之，兼于涂而不能逮，令趣驾追晏子，其家，不及。 |
| 《吴越春秋》: | 仓已封涂，除陈入新，君乐臣欢，男女及信，四生也。 |
| 《越绝书》: | 愿一与吴交天下之兵于中原之野，与吴王整襟交臂而奋，吴越之士，继迹连死，士民流离，肝脑涂地，此孤之大愿也。 |
| 《战国策》: | 颜率至齐，谓齐王曰：“周赖大国之义，得君臣父子相保也，愿献九鼎，不识大国何涂之从而致齐？” |
| 《盐铁论·错币》: | 故人主积其食，守其用，制其有馀，调其不足，禁溢羡，厄利涂，然后百姓可家给人足也。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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