| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 剛 U+525B |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jiaguwen |  Jianbo | 刚 Simplified character | 𠇙 Semantic variant | 𠇝 Semantic variant | 𠜛 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 刀+ 8 strokes = 10 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.180#14 Kangxi: p.141#11 Cihai: p.186r1c03 GSR: 697.b Hanyu: v1,p0344#10 |
| Composition: | Left: 冈, right: 刂. Component of: 𡬼 𪮚 𭡺 𬌧 𠠊 𫅙 𮢪 |
| Mandarin: | gāng ㄍㄤ |
| Cantonese: | gong1 |
| Tang reconstruction: | gɑng |
| Shuowen: | 《刀部》刚：强断也。从刀冈声。 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·下平声·唐·冈》刚：强也。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·刀部·八》刚：〔古文〕𠜛𠇝𠇙《唐韵》古郞切《集韵》《韵会》《正韵》居郞切，𠀤音冈。《说文》强断也。从刀，冈声。《增韵》坚也，劲也。《易·乾卦》大哉乾乎，刚健中正。《司马光·潜虚》刚，天之道也。又作㓻。《史记·乐书》而民㓻毅。 |
| Fanqie: | 古郎 (《广韵·下平声·唐·冈》) |
| Unihan definition: | hard, tough, rigid, strong |
Example usage
| 《论语·公冶长》: | 子曰：“吾未见刚者。” |
| The Master said, "I have not seen a firm and unbending man." | |
| 《孟子·公孙丑上》: | 其为气也，至大至刚，以直养而无害，则塞于天地之闲。 |
| This is the passion-nature: It is exceedingly great, and exceedingly strong. Being nourished by rectitude, and sustaining no injury, it fills up all between heaven and earth. | |
| 《礼记·表记》: | 外事用刚日，内事用柔日。 |
| (In divining) about external affairs they used the odd days; and for internal affairs, the even. | |
| 《扬子法言》: | 公仪子、董仲舒之才之邵也，使见善不明，用心不刚，俦克尔？ |
| Even with the perfection of Gong Yizi and Dong Zhongshu's talents, if they had not distinguished the good clearly, and if they had not used a steadfast mind, then how could they have so prevailed? | |
| 《庄子·在宥》: | 人心排下而进上，上下囚杀，淖约柔乎刚强。 |
| The mind, if pushed about, gets depressed; if helped forward, it gets exalted. Now exalted, now depressed, here it appears as a prisoner, and there as a wrathful fury. (At one time) it becomes pliable and soft, yielding to what is hard and strong. | |
| 《道德经》: | 柔弱胜刚强。 |
| The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak the strong. | |
| 《商君书·垦令》: | 重刑而连其罪，则褊急之民不斗，很刚之民不讼，怠惰之民不游，费资之民不作，巧谀恶心之民无变也。 |
| If penalties are made heavy and relations are involved in the punishments, petty and irascible people will not quarrel, intractable and stubborn people will not litigate, slothful and lazy people will not idle, those who waste their substance will not thrive, and those of evil heart, given to flattery, will bring about no change. | |
| 《史记·五帝本纪》: | 以夔为典乐，教稚子，直而温，宽而栗，刚而毋虐，简而毋傲。 |
| And made Kui director of music and teacher of youth. 'Be straightforward' (he added) 'and yet mild; lenient and yet stern; firm, yet not tyrannical; impetuous, yet not arrogant.' | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 咸、感也，以高下下，以男下女，柔上而刚下。 |
| 《说苑·谈丛》: | 善不逆旅，非仁义刚武无以定天下。 |
| 《春秋繁露·离合根》: | 为人臣者法地之道，暴其形，出其情以示人，高下、险易、坚耍、刚柔、肥、美恶，累可就财也。 |
| 《韩诗外传·卷一》: | 刚哉！ |
| 《大戴礼记·千乘》: | 辨轻重，制刚柔，和五味，以节食时事。 |
| 《白虎通德论·礼乐》: | 闻啇声，莫不刚断而立事者。 |
| 《新书·道术》: | 刚柔得适谓之和，反和为乖。 |
| 《新序·节士》: | 君子曰：“谭夫吾其以失士矣，张胥鄙亦为未得也，可谓刚勇矣，未可谓得节也。” |
| 《中论·贵验》: | 水之寒也，火之热也，金石之坚刚也，此数物未尝有言，而人莫不知其然者，信著乎其体也。 |
| 《孔子家语·三恕》: | 又尝闻君子之言志矣，刚折不终，径易者则数伤，浩倨者则不亲，就利者则无不敝。 |
| 《潜夫论·考绩》: | 富者乘其材力，贵者阻其势要，以钱多为贤，以刚强为上。 |
| 《论衡·幸偶》: | 饭之熟也，刚柔殊和。 |
| 《太玄经·䎡》: | 阳气能刚能柔，能作能休，见难而缩。 |
| 《风俗通义》: | 风者、天气有寒暖，地形有险易，水泉有美恶，草木有刚柔也。 |
| 《孔丛子·抗志》: | 顺子之性也，子性惟太刚而傲不肖，且又无所死亡，非人臣也。 |
| 《申鉴·政体》: | 立地之道，曰柔与刚。 |
| 《新语·辅政》: | 故怀刚者久而缺，持柔者久而长，躁疾者为厥速，迟重者为常存，尚勇者为悔近，温厚者行宽舒，怀促急者必有所亏，柔懦者制刚强，小慧者不可以御大，小辩者不可以说众，商贾巧为贩卖之利，而屈为贞良，邪臣好为诈伪，自媚饰非，而不能为公方，藏其端巧，逃其事功。 |
| 《独断·卷上》: | 凡祭宗庙礼牲之别名：牛曰一元大武，豕曰刚鬣，豚曰腯肥，羊曰柔毛，鸡曰翰音，犬曰羹献，雉曰疏趾，兔曰明视。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·独断》: | 凡祭宗庙礼牲之别名：牛曰一元大武，豕曰刚鬣，豚曰腯肥，羊曰柔毛，鸡曰翰音，犬曰羹献，雉曰疏趾，兔曰明视。 |
| 《列子·天瑞》: | 万物之宜，非柔则刚：此皆随所宜而不能出所位者也。 |
| 《文子·道原》: | 夫道者，高不可极，深不可测，苞裹天地，禀受无形，原流泏泏，冲而不盈，浊以静之徐清，施之无穷，无所朝夕，表之不盈一握，约而能张，幽而能明，柔而能刚，含阴吐阳，而章三光 |
| 《文始真经·九药》: | 刚斯折矣。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 天地有形位、有阴阳、有柔刚，是其有名也。 |
| 《韩非子·十过》: | 鲍叔牙为人，刚愎而上悍。 |
| 《申不害·大体》: | 刚者折，危者覆，动者摇，静者安。 |
| 《管子·地员》: | 怷土之次曰五躖，五躖之状，强力刚坚，其种大邯郸，细邯郸。 |
| 《孙子兵法·九地》: | 刚柔皆得，地之理也。 |
| 《吴子·图国》: | 其名又有五：一曰义兵，二曰强兵，三曰刚兵，四曰暴兵，五曰逆兵。 |
| 《六韬·明传》: | 柔而静，恭而敬，强而弱，忍而刚，此四者，道之所起也。 |
| 《三略·上略》: | 军谶曰：柔能制刚，弱能制强。 |
| 《淮南子·道应训》: | 可以柔，可以刚。 |
| 《吕氏春秋·贵信》: | 冬之德寒，寒不信，其地不刚，地不刚则冻闭不开。 |
| 《鬼谷子·捭阖》: | 变化无穷，各有所归，或阴或阳，或柔或刚，或开或闭，或弛或张。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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