Background

Duệ Tông was born in 1337 as Trần Kính, eleventh child of the Emperor Emeritus Minh Tông and Imperial Consort Đôn Từ, he was younger brother of three emperors Hiến Tông, Dụ Tông and Nghệ Tông and was entitled as Prince Cung Tuyên. During the reign of Dương Nhật Lễ, it was Prince Cung Tuyên who supported his brother Prince Cung Định Trần Phủ overthrow Nhật Lễ to regain the power for Trần clan, Prince Cung Tuyên was also the most important figure of this plot who personally prepared soldiers and arms for Prince Cung Định, or Trần Nghệ Tông from 1370.

Because of Prince Cung Tuyên's essential role in helping the Emperor to take over the power, Nghệ Tông decided to cede the throne to his younger brother, now Trần Duệ Tông in 1373 and held the title Retired Emperor. After the coronation, Duệ Tông changed the era name to Long Khánh (隆慶, great joy, 1373–1377).

As emperor

According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, although having an active part in the overthrown of Dương Nhật Lễ, Trần Duệ Tông was indeed an arrogant and hard-headed ruler. who ignored the advice from mandarins about the power of Champa's army, therefore right after the enthronement he began to prepare a military campaign in the southern border against Chế Bồng Nga's troop. Duệ Tông officially announced his plan of attacking Champa in December 1373 while there were several revolts rising right in Đại Việt.

On the other hand, Duệ Tông had some activities to improve the domestic situation after the chaos during Dụ Tông and Nhật Lễ's reigns such as establishing the imperial examination in February 1374 or re-organizing army and the administrative system. In the imperial court the Emperor appointed Hồ Quý Ly, whose cousin is Empress Gia Từ, for the position of military counsellor and Trần Nguyên Đán for the position of controlling the northern border.

Another factor that reinforced the Emperor's decision for the decisive military campaign Champa was the refusal of Chế Bồng Nga to pay tribute for Đại Việt, afterwards historical books reveal that actually king of Champa did send fifteen trays of gold to Đại Việt but Đỗ Tử Bình, official responsible for the southern border, kept the gold for himself while reported to the imperial court that there was not any tribute from Champa. In December 1376, Duệ Tông personally commanded an army of 12.000 Vietnamese soldiers advanced towards Champa capital Vijaya while Hồ Quý Ly took charge of the campaign's logistics and Đỗ Tử Bình conducted the rearguard. On January 23 of Lunar calendar, 1377, Duệ Tông's army arrived at Thị Nại near the capital of Champa Đồ Bàn. In a plot of luring the opponent to his trap in Đồ Bàn, Chế Bồng Nga had a small mandarin pretend to surrender who made Duệ Tông believe that Champa's army had fled from the empty capital. The next day, Duệ Tông led his army directly to the ambush that Chế Bồng Nga prepared for him. As a result, Trần army was heavily defeated in this Battle of Đồ Bàn where the Emperor himself was killed in action with many other high-ranking mandarins, generals and seventy percent of his troops. On the contrary, Hồ Quý Ly and Đỗ Tử Bình survived because they both ran away from the battle instead of trying to rescue the Emperor. Afterwards, Đỗ Tử Bình was only dismissed to the position of plain soldier by the order of Nghệ Tông while Hồ Quý Ly even did not have to face with any charge.

After the death of the Emperor, the Retired Emperor in May 1377 passed the throne to Duệ Tông's eldest prince, Prince Kiến Đức Trần Hiện, now Trần Phế Đế.

Family

Trần Nghệ Tông had two wives:

• Lady Lê, who was entitled as Empress Gia Từ after the coronation of Duệ Tông.

• A consort who was daughter of Trần Liêu.

Nghệ Tông had four children:

• Prince Chương Vũ Trần Vĩ

• Trần Hiện (1361–1388), who eventually became Trần Phế Đế

• Trần Nguyên Diệu

• Trần Nguyên Hi

背景

陳睿宗於1337年出生於昇龍，是陳明宗的第十一子，為惇慈皇太妃所生，封恭宣王（）。1369年，陳裕宗逝世，憲慈皇太后依據裕宗的遺詔，立沒有陳朝皇室血統的楊日禮為帝，導致了陳朝宗室的不滿。1370年，時為恭宣王的陳曔支持兄長恭定王陳暊，起兵討伐楊日禮並將其誅殺。陳暊即位，是為陳藝宗。

因陳曔在藝宗奪位的過程中扮演著相當重要的角色，陳藝宗決定將皇位傳給他。1373年，陳藝宗禪位給恭宣王陳曔，是為陳睿宗。藝宗則以太上皇的身份繼續參與陳朝的政治。

即位為帝

根據《大越史記全書》的記載，陳睿宗雖然在推翻楊日禮的政變中扮演重要角色，但他卻是一位「剛愎自用，拒諫輕殃」的君主。睿宗在位期間，南方的占城開始崛起。但陳睿宗不聽大臣的勸諫，執意要派遣軍隊攻打占城。1373年12月，陳睿宗正式宣佈了襲擊占城的方案，而此時，越南國內已經爆發了多起的農民起義。

從另一方面來說，陳睿宗在楊日禮之亂後鞏固了陳朝皇族的統治地位。他於1374年2月恢復了科舉制度，並重建了軍隊和行政系統。他任命嘉慈皇后黎氏的表親黎季犛掌握兵權，派陳元旦去平定北方邊境。

征討占城與陣亡

占城國王制蓬峨曾向越南進獻黃金十盤，但卻被化州守將杜子平給貪污了，杜子平上奏睿宗，稱制蓬峨「傲慢無禮，宜加兵討之」。1376年12月，陳睿宗命黎季犛督導乂安、新平、順化等地的漕運，杜子平率軍殿後，親率大軍12萬人南下攻打占城。次年正月兵至占城的尸耐混港，逼近占城首都闍槃。占城國王制蓬峨為了誘敵深入，遣部下牧婆摩詐降，聲稱「蓬峨已遁，但留空城，宜速進兵，無留機會」。陳睿宗果然中計，不顧大將杜禮的勸告，於次日發兵向闍槃進發，全軍魚貫式前進。制蓬峨立即發兵襲擊，越軍被截為數段，大潰。越軍大將杜禮、阮納和、行遣范玄齡皆歿於陣中，陳睿宗本人也被占軍所殺。御溝王陳勗為占城俘虜。杜子平、黎季犛隻身逃脫。

事後，杜子平被罷免官職，黎季犛則因受到太上皇陳藝宗的寵信而依舊官任原職。藝宗立睿宗的次子陳晛繼承皇位，是為陳廢帝。

《大越史記全書》記載，陳朝朝廷使用招魂葬的方式，埋葬陳睿宗於熙陵。這暗示陳朝未能尋獲陳睿宗的遺體，熙陵只不過是陳睿宗的衣冠塚。陳睿宗死後，陳朝朝廷詭稱睿宗巡邊溺死，請求明朝冊封世子繼位。明朝遂遣使冊封陳廢帝為安南國王。

家庭

後宮

• 嘉慈皇后黎氏

• 宸妃

子女

• 長子彰武大王陳煒

• 子陳廢帝

• 女莊徽公主陳氏，嫁宗室陳元胤，恭正王之子

• 女宣徽公主陳氏，嫁大王陳頊，陳藝宗子、公主從兄弟