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代[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:200221
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | dynasty | |
name | 代 | default |
authority-wikidata | Q1149098 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 代_(十六国) | |
link-wikipedia_en | Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms) |
The name "Dai" originated when Tuoba Yilu was appointed Duke of Dai (代公) by the Western Jin in 310 AD, as a reward for helping Liu Kun (劉琨), the Governor of Bingzhou (并州), fight against the Xiongnu state of Han Zhao. The fief was later promoted from a duchy to a principality. Dai was conquered in 376 by the Former Qin state, and its descendants later established the Northern Wei Dynasty in the 4th century.
Read more...: Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219–377 (as Princes of Dai 315–377) Tuoba clan family tree
代國全盛時期版圖
魏晉時期鮮卑拓跋部原遊牧于雲中(今內蒙古托克托東北)一帶。曹魏甘露三年(258年)大人拓跋力微徙居盛樂(今內蒙古和林格爾北),召集諸部,確立了在部落中的大酋長地位。力微卒,諸部離叛。晉元康五年(295年)力微子祿官統部,分國人為中、東、西三部,自領東部。永嘉元年(307年)祿官卒,其侄猗盧繼任酋長總領三部,有騎士40餘萬。
永嘉之亂後五胡亂華,當時仍孤懸華北堅守晉陽的晉并州刺史劉琨經常受到鮮卑、鐵弗劉虎等部落襲擾;此時猗盧與劉琨結盟,協助其擊敗鮮卑白部及鐵弗劉虎,故劉琨與其結拜為兄弟,贈其土地並向東晉朝廷表請封猗盧為代公,後再進封代王。
以後數代傳至拓跋什翼犍。什翼犍曾為質子在後趙都襄國(今河北邢台)生活多年,深受漢文化影響。咸康四年(338年)即代王位,置百官,制法律,由部落聯盟最終轉變為國家形式。代建國三年(340年)定都雲中盛樂城(又名石盧城),後又在故城南筑盛樂新城,發展農業。建國三十九年(376年)前秦苻堅發兵擊代。什翼犍兵敗奔逃後被殺。代亡。
統治地區包括今內蒙古中南部、山西北部。以其所據之地為秦朝時代郡故地,故稱代王。又王室為拓跋,故又稱「拓跋代」。
386年代國被拓跋珪重建,同年改國號為「魏」,史稱「北魏」。
Source | Relation | from-date | to-date |
---|---|---|---|
代高祖 | ruled | 338/11/28建國元年十一月丁丑 | 377/1/25建國三十九年十二月乙未 |
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