Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Kongzi Xian Ju -> 3

子夏曰：	Zi-xia said,
「五至既得而聞之矣，	'I have heard your explanation of "the five extreme points;"
敢問何謂三無？」	allow me to ask what "the three points that have no positive existence" mean.'
孔子曰：	Confucius said,
「無聲之樂，	'The music that has no sound;
無體之禮，	ceremonial usages that have no embodiment;
無服之喪，	the mourning that has no garb
此之謂三無。」	- these are what we denominate "the three points that have no positive existence."
子夏曰：	Zi-xia said,
「三無既得略而聞之矣，	'I have heard what you have said on those three negations;
敢問何詩近之？」	allow me to ask in which of the odes we find the nearest expression of them.'
孔子曰：	Confucius said,
「『夙夜其命宥密』，	'There is that (IV, ii, ode 1, 6), "Night and day he enlarged its foundations by his deep and silent virtue"
無聲之樂也。	- there is music without sound.
『威儀逮逮，	And that (I, iii, ode 1, 3), "My deportment has been dignified and good,
不可選也』，	Without anything wrong that can be pointed out"
無體之禮也。	- there is the ceremony that has no embodiment.
『凡民有喪，	And that (I, iii, ode 10, 4), "When among any of the people there was a death,
匍匐救之』，	I crawled on my knees to help them"
無服之喪也。」	- there is the mourning that has no garb.'

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
子夏	子+0 夊+7	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只𡔰𠍺昰𡕾	zǐ xià ㄗˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ	姓卜，名商，字子夏，孔子的學生。 Zi Xia, a student of Confucius.	v2,p1006#06 v2,p0869#10	p.277#01 p.245#12	p.395r1c01 p.335r1c08
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 說。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
五	二+2	伍𠄡㐅	wǔ ㄨˇ	five; surname	v1,p0011#03	p.86#11	p.64r3c01
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
既	无+5	旣	jì xì ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ	already; de facto; since; then	v2,p1148#01	p.485#27	p.626r3c02
得	彳+8	𢔶䙷𢔨	dé ㄉㄜˊ	Get, obtain. / Plunder. / Covet. / Success. / Fitting, appropriate. / Compatible. / Satisfied, pleased. / Possible, can. / Same as 「德(1)」 dé ㄉㄜˊ: Morals, morality. / Same as 「德(3)」 dé ㄉㄜˊ: Reward kindness, thank.	v2,p0828#03	p.367#31	p.513r6c02
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
聞	耳+8	𦕁䎽䎹𦖫𥹢闻	wén ㄨㄣˊ	Hear. / Make hear. / Have heard, become aware of. / Knowledge, experience. / Rumour, saying. / Renowned, well-known. / Spread, disseminate.	v7,p4294#12	p.968#11	p.1084r3c01
			wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Reputation, fame. / Same as 「問(2)」 wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Inquire after, give regards to.
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
敢	攴+8	𠭖𢽤𣪏	gǎn ㄍㄢˇ	to dare, venture; bold, brave	v2,p1463#09	p.472#26	p.605r4c02
問	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as 「聞(7)」 wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
謂	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as 「為(21.3)」 wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as 「為(10)」 wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
三	一+2	叁弎	sān sàn ㄙㄢㄙㄢˋ	three	v1,p0004#03	p.76#05	p.11r2c01
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
孔子	子+1 子+0	𡤿㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	kǒng zǐ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家，名丘，字仲尼。 Confucius, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v2,p1008#04 v2,p1006#06	p.277#09 p.277#01	p.396r6c02 p.395r1c01
聲	耳+11	殸声	shēng ㄕㄥ	sound, voice, noise; tone; music	v4,p2794#04	p.969#18	p.1085r3c01
樂	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Music. / Perform, play music. / Musical instrument. / The (now lost) classic of music. / Musician. / Yue, a surname.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
			lè ㄌㄜˋ	Happiness. / Make happy. / Fondness for, liking of. / Happy to, willing to. / Tranquil, contented. / Music and debauchery. / Le, a surname.
體	骨+13	𩪆体軆	tǐ tī ㄊㄧˇ ㄊㄧ	body; group, class, body, unit	v7,p4419#03	p.1451#06	p.1513r5c01
禮	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
服	月+4	𣍞𦨈	fú fù bì ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄅㄧˋ	clothes; wear, dress	v3,p2053#07	p.505#02
喪	口+9	𡂤𡴧𡂧𦦦𡚏丧	sàng ㄙㄤˋ	Lose, cease to have. / Die. / Destroy, lose.	v1,p0650#03	p.200#12	p.286r5c02
			sāng ㄙㄤ	Funeral rites, mourning. / Dismayed, dispirited. / Remains, body in a coffin.
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
略	田+6	畧	lüè ㄌㄩㄝˋ	approximately, roughly; outline	v4,p2541#11	p.762#09	p.914r3c02
詩	言+6	𧥳诗	shī ㄕ	poetry; poem, verse, ode	v6,p3961#05	p.1157#15	p.1242r5c03
近	辵+4	𣥍	jìn jì ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ	near, close; approach; intimate	v6,p3819#12	p.1254#07	p.1312r1c07
夙	夕+3	宿𠈇𠉦𣦽	sù ㄙㄨˋ	early in morning, dawn; previous	v2,p0861#07	p.246#07	p.339r3c02
夜	夕+5	亱𡖍𠙑𠙇	yè ㄧㄝˋ	night, dark; in night; by night	v1,p0285#01	p.246#18	p.341r4c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
命	口+5		mìng ㄇㄧㄥˋ	Order, command. / Written order, commandment. / Send (on a mission), dispatch. / A (diplomatic) mission. / Force, make do. / Instruct, tell. / Gift given by a ruler to his ministers by rank. / Will of heaven. / Fate. / Life, lifespan. / Call, name, assign a name to. / Know for certain.	v1,p0604#11	p.183#18	p.266r6c01
宥	宀+6		yòu ㄧㄡˋ	forgive, pardon, indulge	v2,p0925#01	p.285#03	p.418r3c01
密	宀+8	宻	mì ㄇㄧˋ	dense, thick, close; intimate	v2,p0940#06	p.288#11	p.424r1c01
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
威	女+6	𤰴𤱫	wēi ㄨㄟ	pomp, power; powerful; dominate	v2,p1404#01	p.261#24	p.384r6c01
儀	人+13	仪	yí ㄧˊ	ceremony, rites gifts; admire	v1,p0228#02	p.118#21	p.127r6c03
逮	辵+8	迨逯	dài dǎi dì ㄉㄞˋ ㄉㄞˇ ㄉㄧˋ	seize, catch; reach, arrive	v6,p3854#01	p.1259#18	p.1322r2c02
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副詞：用於動詞、形容詞等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
可	口+2	歌厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
選	辵+12	选	xuǎn ㄒㄩㄢˇ	Select, choose. / Selection of writings. / Send, dispatch.	v6,p3886#01	p.1265#13	p.1332r1c01
			xùn ㄒㄩㄣˋ	Weak, cowardly.
			xuàn ㄒㄩㄢˋ	Appoint on ability. / The person chosen. / Neat, regular.
			suàn ㄙㄨㄢˋ	Calculate, weigh up. / Ten thousand.
凡	几+1	凢凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
匍	勹+7		pú ㄆㄨˊ	crawl; lie prostrate	v1,p0259#04	p.151#17	p.201r4c03
匐	勹+9	𨄑	fú ㄈㄨˊ	fall prostrate; crawl	v1,p0260#05	p.151#34	p.201r5c01
救	攴+7	𣪋	jiù ㄐㄧㄡˋ	save, rescue, relieve; help, aid	v2,p1460#01	p.471#09	p.604r2c02

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