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-> 荀卿

荀卿[View] [Edit] [History]
ctext:721300

RelationTargetTextual basis
typeperson
name荀卿default
name孫卿子
name孫卿
name荀子
name荀況
authority-wikidataQ216072
link-wikipedia_zh荀子
link-wikipedia_enXun_Kuang
Xun Kuang (荀況 Xún Kuàng ; BCE, alt. – BCE), also widely known as Xunzi (荀子 Xúnzǐ|w=Hsün-tzu, "Master Xun"), was a Chinese Confucian philosopher and writer who lived during the Warring States period and contributed to the Hundred Schools of Thought. A book known as the Xunzi is traditionally attributed to him. His works survive in an excellent condition, and were a major influence in forming the official state doctrines of the Han dynasty, but his influence waned during the Tang dynasty relative to that of Mencius.

Xunzi discusses figures ranging from Confucius, Mencius, and Zhuangzi, to Linguists Mozi, Hui Shi and Gongsun Long and "Legalists" Shen Buhai and Shen Dao. He mentions Laozi as a figure for the first time in early Chinese history, and makes use of Taoist terminology, though rejecting their doctrine.

Read more...: Life   Philosophy  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
荀子(約公元前316年 - 約公元前237年至公元前235年),名,被尊稱為荀卿,又稱孫卿、孫卿子,中國戰國時代儒家學者和思想家,趙國人,曾擔任齊國稷下學宮祭酒、楚國蘭陵令,到趙國、秦國遊說諸侯,宣揚儒學和傳授六經,批評子思孟子等其他儒者及墨家、道家等其他學派,有韓非李斯等弟子,著作後世編為《荀子》一書。

荀子祖述孔子,重視道德倫理,提倡仁義、禮義和忠信,集先秦禮論之大成,重視以禮修身和禮制教育。他相信性惡論,人與生俱來本無道德,若放縱情慾不加節制,將互相仇恨和鬥爭;道德價值是後天人為建構的,由聖人創造,以規範和美化人性。荀子重視人的理性和學習能力,認為善行是後天學習而得的,人人都有學習禮義的能力;君子應憑著個人修養,鍥而不捨的努力,日積月累養成美德。政治上荀子提調尊君,強調君主確立社會秩序與道德教化的作用,彰顯儒家的聖王理想與政教合一的觀念。荀子主張任用賢能,國君把政務交與大臣處理;國家要控制思想,打擊異端邪說,以法律補充禮制以維繫社會秩序。自然論方面,荀子傾向唯物主義,認為天地並無意志,不信墨家天人感應和鬼神之說,提出利用自然和改造自然。

荀子受譽為一代大儒,地位崇高,對後世特別是漢代的儒學思想與政治文化影響頗深。在宋、元、明三朝曾從祀於孔廟;但因其性惡論及曾抨擊孟子,自宋代以來也受不少儒者批評,被視為孔門異端(至少是「歧出」),甚至是法家人物。直至清代才因考據學而又被重新評估、定位。

Read more...: 生平   學派   思想   道德   禮儀   性善論與性惡論   道德基礎   道德規範   政治   國家   制度   君權   時局評論   社會經濟   自然論   宗教   認知與語言   著作   影響   思想方面   政治方面   文學方面   其它   地位   注釋   延伸閱讀  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

SourceRelation
荀子creator

TextCount
新唐書1
全唐文2
漢書7
四庫全書總目提要8
資治通鑑9
晉書1
史記1
宋史1
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/721300 [RDF]

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