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洪承疇[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:422350
Hong Chengchou (1593–1665), courtesy name Yanyan and art name Hengjiu, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was born in present-day Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town, Nan'an County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. After obtaining the position of a jinshi (進士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1616 during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, he joined the civil service of the Ming Empire and served as an official in Shaanxi. During the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (r. 1627–1644), he was promoted to Minister of War and Viceroy of Suliao (薊遼; an area which included parts of present-day Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin). In 1642, he surrendered and defected to the Manchu-led Qing Empire after his defeat at the Battle of Songjin. He became one of the Qing Empire's leading Han Chinese scholar-politicians. While he was in office, he encouraged the Manchu rulers to adopt Han Chinese culture and provided advice to the Qing government on how to consolidate its control over the former territories of the fallen Ming Empire. Apart from Dorgon and Fan Wencheng (范文程), Hong Chengchou was regarded as one of the most influential politicians in the early Qing dynasty. However, he was also villainised by the Han Chinese for his defection to the Qing Empire and for his suppression of the Southern Ming dynasty (a short-lived state formed by remnants of the fallen Ming Empire).
Read more...: Life Service under the Ming Empire Battle of Shanhai Pass Service under the Qing Empire
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洪承疇(1593年10月16日 - 1665年),字彥演,號亨九,福建泉州府南安縣英都(今英都鎮良山村)人。崇禎時官至兵部尚書、薊遼總督,松錦之戰敗戰後降清,成為清朝首位漢人大學士。洪在明代時以謀略聞名,討伐流寇、滿人屢戰皆捷,但在松錦之戰,兵敗投降滿清,為了鞏固清朝的統治,政治上,洪建議清廷採納許多明朝的典章制度,獻計甚多,大多被清廷信納,加以推行,完善清王朝的國家機器。文化上,洪承疇建議滿洲統治集團也須弘揚儒家學術,尊信孔孟,「習漢文,曉漢語」,瞭解漢人禮俗,淡化滿漢之間的差異,亦為清朝統治漢人的統治基礎。清兵入關以後,洪承疇的功勞極大,可以說除了多爾袞及范文程以外,再無他人。
Read more...: 生平 早年 官場生涯 松山敗戰 仕清歲月 軼事 郭都賢 金正希 孫兆奎 黃道周 夏完淳 王之仁 家族
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
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浙江通志 | 4 |
清史稿 | 157 |
貴州通志 | 2 |
清史紀事本末 | 3 |
明季南略 | 2 |
明史 | 77 |
永歷實錄 | 1 |
清稗類鈔 | 1 |
四庫全書總目提要 | 1 |
熙朝新語 | 1 |
明季北略 | 4 |
雲南通志 | 2 |
明史紀事本末 | 11 |
崇禎實錄 | 5 |
小腆紀年 | 1 |
崇禎遺錄 | 3 |
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